Pathogenesis and Course of AIDS

Pathogenesis and Course of helpTitle Give a detailed account of the pathogenesis and course of aid. undergrad Degree Level Essay2,500 wordsThe study of human immunodeficiency computer computer virus / acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a vast topic and the literature on the subject fills more volumes. In this rise thereof we propose to take an overview of more or less of the about incumbent views and exploitations in the field with particular emphasis on the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus / AIDSIn 1997 the World Health Organisation gave the assessment that since human immunodeficiency virus / AIDS had been recognised, over 11.7 million people had died of the condition world coarse and at the clock of publication 30 million more were persuasion to be infected with 16.000 novel infections occurring daily. Current predictions estimate that at the on-line(prenominal) rate of infection 55 million will redeem died by 2010. (Greek R et al 2002)Perhaps t he most worrying of all of these gargantuan statistics was the fact that of the 30 million infected, 27 million were thought to be unaw be of their condition. Quite apart form the devastation the disease causes on a personal basis, the vast majority of those infected ar immature adults which has enormous implications for the social structure of their communities. (Graham B S 1998)Pathophysiology of the conditionAs we have implied earlier, the volume of work relating to the pathophysiology of human immunodeficiency virus / AIDS is enormous, in this essay we therefore fix to cherry-pick a number of selected topics and discuss them in some detail.The implications of genetics in both the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus and the subsequent development of AIDS is a apace expanding field.The interaction between virus and multitude is a multifaceted and extremely complex bingle. From the point of infection forth there is usually a probatory HIV viraemia counterbalance t hough in the aboriginal stages, the unhurried whitethorn be al together a diagnostic. It is cognise that the decimal point of virus replication is directly related to the degree of T- stall depletion and equally correlates with progression of the disease branch. It would therefore start that HIV rushs symptomatic disease process by replicating in, and subsequently destroying, CD4 and T-cells thereby weakening the tolerant system. (Stilianakis NI et al 1997),.Different hosts and indeed different ge nonypes of hosts (see on) have differing patterns of disease manifestation. CD4 and T-cell levels argon rapidly diminished in the early stages of the disease however ar non restored by utile anti-viral therapy if given later in the disease. (Littman D R 1998)One field of honor of obvious fill is in those who seem to survive with HIV for a prospicienter than average time onward it progresses to AIDS. A study by Dean (M et al 1995) proved to be seminal in this area, with a prospective study of nearly 2,000 men. The authors considered the experimental condition of CCR5 geno persona and its relation to the likelihood of disease progression. The paper is both long an detailed, notwithstanding provides a strong evidence base for further look (Berwick D 2005).In essence, the master(prenominal) findings of the paper were that most people have two conventionality alleles for the CCR5 gene, but 1 in 7 has one mutation allele (technically 32bp deletion), which means that they still have one normal allele (heterozygous genotype). 1 in 100 have two mutant alleles. The rates of mutation are highly racially specific ranging from 11% in Caucasians to The signifi lavatoryt finding in the study was that none of the 1,300 HIV +ve people in the study had the homozygous mutation, 15% of the HIV +ve had the heterozygous genotype, so the heterozygous genotype clearly does not protect against infection, but the significant difference is that the average transition ti me from HIV to AIDS for the homozygous man was 10 years whereas the average transition time for the heterozygous genotype was 13 years. Possibly even more significant is the fact that of the 17 people in the entry cohort who were homozygous for the mutation and in the high risk of infection group, none of them had assure HIV. It would therefore show up that the CCR5 mutation plays some critical economic consumption early in the primary stages of HIV infection since it appears that HIV infection can be blocked if a functioning version of this sense organ is not present.During the later stages of the infection it would appear that other co- sensory receptors (the CXCR4 has been implicated) can take over the role as the properties of the virus evolve deep down the host. (McMichael A 1998). On this basis some authors have suggested a classification taxonomy that differentiates HIV virus sub-types on the basis of their CCR5 receptor affinity. (Berger E A et al 1998).It would appear t hat the viruses eventually evolve into the R5X4 (in this classification) type which allows them to eventually produce the full short-winded AIDS syndrome. The absence of one working CCR5 allele simply retards the evolutionary progress. (Chan DC et al 1998),This is in congruity with other pathophysiological observations. For example, it is already known that the influenza virus enhances the CXCR4 dependent HIV infection. It is thought that the pathway of influenza infection activates the CD4 and T- lymph cells which, in turn utilise the CXCR4 co-receptors on the cell. This activation would therefore appear to increase the potential number of HIV target cells in an individual which would clearly accelerate viral spreading. (AIDS RU 1998).In the same way, syphilis is known to be an active agent in increase CCR5 expression and is also known to be a strong predisposing divisor for the overall HIV risk whereas it does not induce CXCR4 (Lafeuillade A et al 1997),From our considerations t hus outlying(prenominal) it is clear that the pathophysiology of the HIV infection revolves around the number up (replication) of the HIV virus in the CD4 and T-cells. This is not an immediate process as new T-cells are being produced (albeit from a progressively dwindling away stock) of non-infected bone marrow stem cells. (Greek R et al 2002)Why are there a number of specific AIDS-defining diseases?This is a vast area in its own right. The presence of HIV in a T-cell does not immediately destroy the cell, but alters its function. Each T cell has a number of receptor areas determined by the V region of the receptor gene, and these determine the subclass (and specificity) of the T-cell itself . Each sub-type has specific receptor sequences that allow it to recognise a broad spectrum of histocompatibility complexes. (Hecht F M et al 1998)The HIV presence alters the expression of the V site region and thereby allows certain pathogens to be sub-optimally challenged (Connors M et al 1 997). It is the nature of HIV infection that specific colonies (or sub-types) of CD4 T-cells are gloomy before others are altered. This translates clinically into the situation where certain pathogens ( viz. Pneumocystis carinii, mycobacteria avium-intracellulare, and cytomegalovirus. ) can be present, virtually unchallenged even though the T-cell world may be apparently quite active. Typically the reservoir of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes may remain skewed despite the overall apparent adequacy of go around T-cells. (Nosik M N et al 2002),Alongside this altered narrate of resistance a number of other immune-related phenomenon can be seen including some types of auto unsusceptibility and AIDS-related malignancies including squamous cell carcinoma of skin, testicular cancer, myeloma, Hodgkins disease.Some investigators have recently demonstrated a statistically very significant relationship between a profound immunodeficiency state (with marked CD4 depletion) and the development of a non-Hodgkins lymphoma, presumably by a comparable mechanism. (Voulgaropoulou et al. 1999)Aggressive anti-viral therapy has been partially successful in reducing the frequency of malignancies much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Kaposis sarcoma and B cell lymphomas. Study of these progressive blind sight in the T-cells response mechanisms suggest that a diversity of the T-cell receptor V genes can be re-established in patients with an undetectable viraemia for nightlong than a six month period, which is strongly suggestive of the fact that renewal of uninfected (or immuno-protected) nave precursors is possible with aggressive therapy. (Connors M et al 1997), on that point is an overall increase in the incidence of AIDS-related malignancies. This is not thought to be due to any new or progressive evolution of the HIV virus, but mainly due to the development of new and more effective antiretroviral therapies together with more efficient prophylaxis for opportunistic infections which is allowing the HIV / AIDS patient to survive for longer in the immunodeficient state.TreatmentWe do not intend to present any detail relating to specific treatments for HIV / AIDS but will make a few general comments. A current pressing question for clinicians is can antiretroviral therapy ever be safely halt? The current generations of protease inhibitors that are combined with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are capable of reducing viraemia to undetectable levels. (Jordan R et al 2002),clinical experience suggests that as soon as treatment is stopped, viraemia tends to rapidly recur at pre-treatment levels. This strongly suggests an ability of the HIV to enter a latent phase or to remain in immunoprivilleged sites (such as the testes and underlying nervous system). Like most retro-viruses, the HIV has the ability to integrate its deoxyribonucleic acid into the host genome even though it may remain transcriptionally dormant and thereby avoid cellular detection and apoptosis until it enters its replication cycle (Wei X et al 1995),It is difficult to draw specific conclusions from a presentation such as this as the overriding impression that one gets from any exam of the literature on the subject is both the speed and the diversity of the re bet that is presently being undertaken world-wide. There appear to be two main thrusts as far as research is concerned. One is the development of new antiretroviral and immunoactive therapeutic measures to try to combat the pathophysiology of the disease process itself, the other is the search for a vaccine which would ultimately be the holy grail in this particular pandemic. (Malegapuru W et al 2002)One of the main stumbling blocks as far as vaccine development is concerned is the difficulty in targeting the antigenicity of the much changing immunological profile of the HIV. (Musey L et al 1997). Considerable interest has been shown in the persistently sero-negative partners of sero-positive patients who have been frequently found to have a specific ability to produce interleukin 2 from peripheral mononuclear cells together with the detectable presence of HIV specific IgA in mucosal secretions. (Mazzoli S et al 1997),Many vaccine research projects are currently exploring the avenue of designing vaccines which have the potential to stimulate and produce HIV-specific CD8 cytotoxic T-cell responses to the HIV. Initial primate studies suggest that prevention of infection at a mucosal site (as opposed to parenteral infection) is actually possible as mucosal infection is relatively inefficient and only a lesser number of HIV virons are likely to be involved. (Matano T et al 1998).Phase one clinical trials have been undertaken in this regard already but with disappointing results as the immunogenic responses that have been engendered are 5-10 times overthrow than those produced by HIV infection with a comparatively short half-life. (Mugerwa R D et al 2002).There are a number of appro aches with recombinant viral entities of various types which have also met with limited success Currently it would appear that vaccine candidates can manage to induce CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses with killing activity across different strains which can last a significant length of time, but they are yet unable to induce neutralising antibody with activity against typical transmitted HIV virus. (Lenzer J 2003)ReferencesAIDS RU 1998AIDS research updates.Science 1998 280 1856-1894Berger E A et al 1998 nature 391240, 1998Berwick D 2005 Broadening the view of evidence-based medicine Qual. Saf. Health Care, Oct 2005 14 315 316.Chan DC, Kim PS. 1998HIV entry and its inhibition. cellular telephone 1998 93 681-684Connors M, Kovacs J, Krevat S, Gea-Banacloche JC, Sneller MC, Flanigan M, et al. 1997HIV infection induces changes in CD4+ T-cell phenotype and depletions within the CD4+ T-cell repertoire that are not immediately restored by antiviral or immune-based therapies.Nature Med 1 997 3 533-540Dean M. et al 1996Science 2731857, 1996Finzi D, Siliciano RF. 1998Viral kinetics in HIV-1 infection.Cell 1998 93 665-671Graham B S 1998 Science, medicine, and the coming(prenominal) Infection with HIV-1 BMJ, Nov 1998 317 1297 1301Greek R, Pandora Pound, and Nancy L Haigwood 2002 Animal studies and HIV research BMJ, Jan 2002 324 236 Hecht FM, harmonize RM, Petropoulos CJ, Dillon B, Chesney MA, Tian H, et al. 1998Sexual transmission of an HIV-1 variant resistant to multiple reverse-transcriptase and protease inhibitors.N Engl J Med 1998 339 307-311Jordan R, Lisa Gold, Carole Cummins, and Chris Hyde 2002 Systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for increasing numbers of drugs in antiretroviral combination therapy BMJ, Mar 2002 324 757 Lafeuillade A, Poggi C, Tamalet C, Profizi N. 1997Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 dynamics in different lymphoid tissue compartments.J Infect Dis 1997 clxxv 804-806.Lenzer J 2003 Claim that smallpox vaccine protects against HIV is premature, say critics BMJ, family 2003 327 699 Littman D R 1998Chemokine receptors keys to AIDS pathogenesis? Cell 1998 May 2993(5)677-80.Malegapuru W, Makgoba, Nandipha Solomon, and timothy Johan Paul Tucker 2002 Science, medicine, and the future The search for an HIV vaccine BMJ, Jan 2002 324 211 213 Matano T, Shibata R, Siemon C, Connors M, avenue HC, Martin MA. 1998Administration of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody interferes with the clearance of chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus during primary infections of rhesus macaques.J Virol 1998 72 164-169Mazzoli S, Trabattoni D, Lo Caputo S, Piconi S, Ble C, Meacci F, et al.1997HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals.Nature Med 1997 3 1250-1257McMichael A. 1998T cell responses and viral escape.Cell 1998 93 673-676Mugerwa R D, Pontiano Kaleebu, Peter Mugyenyi, Edward Katongole-Mbidde, David L Hom, Rose Byaruhanga, Robert A Salata, and Jerrold J Ellner 2002 First trial of the HIV-1 vaccine in Africa Ugandan experience BMJ, Jan 2002 324 226 229 Musey L, Hughes J, Schacker T, Shea T, Corey L, McElrath MJ. 1997Cytotoxic-T-cell responses, viral load, and disease progression in early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.N Engl J Med 1997 337 1267-1274Nosik M N, Matsevich G R 2002HIV-1 chemokine receptors and their role in the pathogenesis of AIDSVopr Virusol. 2002 Jan-Feb47(1)4-8.Stilianakis NI, Dietz K, and Schenzle D, 1997,Analysis of a model for the pathogenesis of AIDS numerical Biosciences, 145, 27-46Voulgaropoulou et al. 1999Distinct Human Immunodeficiency Virus Strains in the Bone Marrow ar Associated with the Development of Thrombocytopenia,J Virol 1999 Apr73(4)3497-504Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, Johnson VA, Emini EA, Deutsch P, et al.1995Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.Nature 1995 373 117-12217.3.06 PDG Word count 2,514

Business Network Transformation

craft Ne 2rk TransformationIt is nearly impossible to hypothecate any company in this global economy that operates isolated and does non interact with suppliers, partners and v displaceors at some stage. This global ecosystem is remoulding relationships between companies in new-fashi wholenessd-made and often uncomfortable ways. Companies atomic number 18 organizing collaborative partnerships glob t go forth ensembley to support their product line operations lo constitutey. That extends their melody value and gain rivalrous advantage. These go-aheads argon eyesight beyond conventional task boundaries to lower be, improver profit and reform quality of benefit they provide by tapping into applications, personnel, and groundwork irrespective of where they reside. So, companies ar looking to gain competitive advantage by leveraging these original opportunities arose from intercompany fundamental interactions.Though handicraft electronic network Transformation is n ot a new concept, this idea had been kept apart from action due to IT limitations. Companies tradition tout ensembley focussed on customers, internal processes and cost cutting to differentiate their commercial enterprise in this ecosystem. But IT has changed this perception recently. Enhanced IT capabilities for intercourse, collaboration and discipline sharing caused increase global competition. Companies realised a new way of doing affair on the job(p) together tour working for others. Examining their value cosmic strings and understanding this competitive weapon resulted in formation of blood Networks.This paper contains the following topics parentage Network transformation explained with typesetters caseHow IT military go ancestry communicates and role of IT in blood line intercommunicate transformation assist Oriented Architecture (SOA) explained with 3 achiever storiesRelating Service Oriented Architecture to opening move Resource think packages closedown note Network TransformationAccording to Philip Lay and Geoffrey Moore, vexation Networks are groups of companies that work together toward a specific objective for mutual financial benefit. The example below helps to understand Business Network Transformation.Business network of Cellular Phone CompanyPartnersMobile handset makers, Chipset provider, Network faulting manufacturer, Contract manufacturers, Wireless carriers, Routing Vendors, Application enablers, Service providers voicemail, email, officious search, banking, video stream etcetera, Advertisers banks, pharmaceuticals, CPG companies etc., Consumers liquid retrieve owners, dealers enterprises etc.Strategic ObjectiveA multi line of products marketing strategy to transit from manufacturing handsets and equipment to a software divine service provider.Business process and IT implicationsDemand entropy should be visible to ensure mellowed take aim of retail stock through rapid supply chain response. This implie s binding marketing programs and sell-out data to improve marketing return on investment.This example shows a company with collaborating partners in a strain network and their strategic objective to transformation.As the definition of personal line of credit networks has become k forthwith to everyone, the whole tone in which these networks are created and transformed and what IT resources are occupyed for this vicissitude became a repugn.Role of IT in Business Network Transformation effectiveness to compete in this global market depends on businesss network of lot and negotiable processes. New technologies like Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and bundle as a Service (SaaS) enable these networks to amplify opportunities and flourish. Effective and competent communication by sharing information across its ecosystem of suppliers, employees, customers and distributors is enabled by implementing much(prenominal) service oriented architecture and operate. Utilising these capabilities, companies discount provide improved customer experience due to improved intercompany interaction. These potentials excessively enable seamless interaction with intra company systems foc use on improving value chain.Taking full-of-the-moon advantage of these global opportunities from business networks and becoming globally compoundd enterprise demands high level of flexibility. Businesses need to merge newly acquired business potentials and technologies with bequest applications. Existing IT infrastructure must be adaptable to changes in business models and must be ready to accommodate them. Information is already creation shared internally across departments within the business but now it has to be shared externally across business partners, across countries and continents. Business processes must be agile and consistent alignment between business and IT is critical.Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)Service oriented architecture (SOA) enables business organizatio ns to achieve this agility needed to compete in global ecosystem. It divides the business into operating(a)(a) components that are easy to be drawn together right away and economically. They are flexible enough to reuse in meaningful combinations to wager evolving business require. These components are called Services. These combinations of services enable efficient collaboration and communication across company lines and unearth information buried within business processes.According to IBM, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is A business-centric IT architectural procession that supports integrating your business as linked, repeatable business tasks, or services. Service oriented architecture is essentially collection of services. These services are in general pair and enforced in standard ways. In other words, companionship necessitate no familiarity of the technology or location of service provider. For example Create invoice as a service can be invoked by any other b usiness unit or from any business application when invoice needs to be created. wipe out defined Enterprise SOA as A blue print for an adaptable, flexible and open IT architecture for developing services- found, modular business solutions.Three features of an SOAThese ternary features provide value in a business by implementing SOA. software package reuseReusing components is one of the important advantages of SOA. Reusable components enable companies to forfend redundancy. For example a business has many working(a) silos and each silo usually needs information from other silo such as customer information or invoice. When these silos are using disparate technologies and are operating on different platforms, they need duplicate instances of this information in each silo. SOA creates single meter reading of such services which can be shared across all working(a) silos.Composite applicationsComposite applications are new cross-functional applications formed by combining functional ity from many existing systems. For example, SOA enables companies to provide a single arrest nark to a range of products through a self service penetration for business partners. Usually this portal might be a combination of different processes with different technologies supported by IT services.Standard portCaller of a service does not need to watch knowledge about services location or technology platform on which it was developed. Interface to services in SOA takes standard form. This facilitates a flexibility to tip services where they are needed irrespective of location and technology with great ease. It can also increase IT efficiency, improve quality of service and cast down costs.Coming to business partners, these loosely coupled, standard interfaced services provide duplicate benefits. Partner need not to be aware of progress of murder of a service, as SOA provides transparency of location and technology. Standard interface enables partners to call a service havin g minimum information about the service.In essence, the below are the benefits fall into three business categoriesBusiness EffectivenessBusiness agilityGreater speed in responsiveness to market combative advantageImproved business process efficiencyAccuracy in deployment of resources according to business needsCost factorMaintenance costs are bring downMinimum skills and efforts needed for business changeOptimized cost due to choice of platform, technology and locationRisk factor additive deploymentEnhanced IT qualityOptimized pay patronise clippingsEnterprise Resource Planning and Service Oriented ArchitectureA single system unresolved of accommodating business data which is centralised and gravelible across all functional areas in the company was the basic concept of ERP. Before ERP era, data would flow across business units but not stored in one system. The single system was the selling point of all ERP vendors like motley fool, IBM, Microsoft, vaticinator etc. ERP impleme ntation requires no service work to integrate little components but ERP implementation normally required greater customization. Without customization, ERP software packages rarely matched business processes and getting to the ready to work status. Though implementing ERP results many advantages, it has few drawbacks in terms of cost, customization and timeline for implementation. So ERP implementation and support are high-priced and time consuming. It is also costly in the area of upgrading because it is tightly coupled package. The evolution of Service oriented architecture concept focused on these pitfalls of ERP. The Enterprise application vendors used client server technology in 1990s and meshing client technology in 2000s. Now they are transiting to Service oriented architecture approach to ERP. This blend of ERP based on SOA is the best of breed approach facilitating customers to surrender more options to select services from any vendor. SOA can be said as father of mode rn IT architectures. Due to this combination, ERP components became services in Service oriented architecture. The below two are leading ERP vendors who recently released their ERP package based on SOA, deplete Enterprise SOA black flag NetWeaver is the new product based on SOA. eject NetWeaver is a platform on which other components such as Finances, humans Resource, Business Intelligence, Business process outsourcing etc are utilize. It boasts the advantages based on its SOA features such as web connections, Business network transformation etc. illusionist visionary Fusion MiddlewareFusion Middleware is Oracles product based on SOA. It is a family of products seamlessly integrated to run agile business applications. Business Intelligence, User Interface, inwardness grapplement, SOA Process Management etc. are components in this package.IBM adroit SOASmart SOA is a set of guiding principles derived from solidified best practices and documented visits. They have created entry points to each of their products such as Business Intelligence, BPM etc. These entry points are undertaking well defined, focused and individual project to meet individual business need.The role of SOA in Business Network Transformation can be easily understood from the success stories below.Ergon takes inunct business to the webErgon is United States based Petroleum Company. It is a in camera owned company with 2,500 employees. It specializes in petroleum products with up and downstream operations like refineries, sales and final trucking.Business needErgon wanted to integrate internal processes to improve retrieve to the information and to deliver that information to its customer. The company wanted to introduce self service portals and automated workflows to accelerate reckon approval processes.SolutionErgon has more than 50 operations within the business and each of which is a distinguished profit centre that reports back to the headquarters. They use run over bus iness workflow on existing SAP infrastructure to support buying and to automate approval of requisitions. Ergon also implemented IBM TotalsStorage DS6800 and changed its databases to IBM D2 facilitating acclivity their ERP to SAP ECC 6.0 in future.BenefitsEnterprise wideSAP govern their business processes. SAP enabled Ergons employees to gain consolidated view of individual workflow and to make better deals with their vendors. SAP ECC 6.0 based on SAP NetWeaver fetches more options for Ergon in the future. Portals enabled users to view core functionality tailored close to business needs. SAP NetWeaver created single enterprise platform.They could successfully align their business needs with their SAP ERP solution with greater flexibility and helping Ergons transition to SOA.Business flowErgon implemented SAP business workflow to support purchasing process as part of its ongoing enhancements to internal efficiency. SAP workflow tool accelerated approval of requisition process. This saved lot of administrative time by generating automated routing and emails. SAP business workflow reduced administrative workload and accelerated purchasing. After successful implementation of workflow tool and gained benefits from it, Ergon is now looking to extend this tool into other functional areas such as human resources.Storage PerformanceInformation access rates were improved and they saved 10-12 moments per weekend on database maintenance. This enabled freeing technical foul staff and to achieve better throughput for live users. They could increase the access up to 17 propagation faster than before. DS 6800 made reports and transactions through SAP applications run much more quickly. Storage performance is increase with new storage systems DS6800 and DB2 for business critical SAP systems.StabilitySAP and IBM worked together and IBMs DB2 is constantly supporting SAP applications. As performance and approachability have become important aspects in extending SAP applicati ons to more functional areas, this combination of SAP applications and IBM DB2 on IBM hardware using AIX operating system is helping Ergon to deliver excellent response times.Bezeq setup SOABezeq is Israel based leading telecommunications provider. It is a privately owned company with 7,700 employees and with revenue of US $ 1 billion. Its product and services range includes, domestic, international and cellular phone services, internet and data communication services.Business needBezeq wanted to hold focus on new vision that is customer facing. In the passing competitive industry they wanted to keep their market shares regulated tightly. domain technicians needed equipment with mobile capabilities such as to prepare electronic bills, or customer receipts etc. They also planned to architect a reusable set of web services.Their objectives were to avoid constraints of location with handheld mobile devices and to provide application developers with a reusable set of services.Soluti onBezeq implemented SAP NetWeaver technology platform including exchange infrastructure, enterprise portal components and entanglement Dynpro development environment for mobile computing.BenefitsEnterprise wideEnd to end business process integration was made possible by implementing SAP NetWeaver. This platform also enabled real time supervise of field regenerate procedures. As NetWeaver is based on SOA, Bezeq was able to achieve improvements in processes contact service calls. Bezeq achieved speed in service completion from assignment to invoice. It has time to focus on streamlining its core telecommunications processes.Avoiding constraints of physical locationField technicians are given PDAs to receive service calls through which they can order replenishments which also updates central inventory and customer records. They can use these PDAs from their homes and even while travelling. They can even get work related messages and use their cars as local and mobile warehouse for r eceiving and distributing parts to customers.Reusable servicesFor mobile computing, team has chosen Web Dynpro development environment. It is actually to program technician PDAs to access directly SAP NetWeaver portal component. Access to back end functionality that calls to the back end SAP system was encapsulated as reusable we services. Reduction in costs and risk in terms of both time and silver is ensured by this use of encapsulated web services that is also flexible and reusable.Business model evaluationEquipment and supplies are optimally allocated and managed using tools that technicians use. Company eliminated hour long scheduling session and consequently saved significant make out of money. They started saving 3, 250 hours a week. Bezeq has also reduced average response times to service requests from 6 days to 2 working days that should help increase customer satisfaction.Wipro Technologies helps its customers to make it quickWipro Technologies is a division of Wipro Lim ited, the counterbalance global IT services organization to be certified in PCMM level 5 and SEI CMM level 5 and with annual revenue is US $4.3 Billion and 99,965 employees. They are one of the largest product engineering and support service providers globally. They have comprehensive research and development and provide IT solutions and services like systems integration, information systems outsourcing, software application development, package implementation and maintenance services.Business needWipro wanted to improve business process agility so as to improve customer experience for large automotive manufacturer in North America to increase competitive advantage. They also wanted to avoid difficulties involved in service level agreements in the areas of service contracts, monitoring agreements and track design times by deploying IT management tools. Wipro planned to increase security level in exposing IT services of the auto manufacturer.SolutionWipro implemented Oracle products and services including Oracle Fusion Middleware, Oracle SOA suit including web services manager and BPEL process manager. They also implemented Oracle Enterprise manager an ERP solution that includes Tuning pack, symptomatics pack, Management pack for SOA and conformation management pack.BenefitsEnterprise wideOracles customer, the automotive manufacturer could roll out new services quickly and leveraged existing IT infrastructure and investments. They could successfully manage the implementation including services by various stakeholders, business units and vendors. Business to consumer portal enabled Wipros customer to access information online. They also gained the ability to die their IT infrastructure, mental ability planning and service planning.Oracle SOA SuiteAs customer deployed Oracle SOA suite, it enabled them to roll out new services in fast pace while leveraging existing IT investments. Business to consumer portal developed using this suite allowed automotive manufact urer to access information such as vehicle service alerts, campaign information, recall information and credit beleaguer reward points online. They also built a composite application enabled by SOA suite to aggregate account information gathered from disparate functional units in the business. Earlier, this application development used J2EE and took over one twelvemonth and now with SOA suite it took 90 days.As part of SOA suite, Web services Manager assure Oracles customer to have the appropriate authorisation to access services.Oracle Enterprise ManagerThis product from Oracle enabled its customer to proactively analyse IT infrastructure, service performance and capacity planning. As part of Enterprise Manager, Diagnostic pack enabled the automotive manufacturer to view problem areas in a single view.These success stories reveal how SOA enables businesses to gain competitive advantage by strengthening their business network and internal capabilities.ConclusionIn this commoditizin g global economy it is critical to have the ability to operate in effect in business networks and to sustain competitive advantage. This ability to operate business effectively is made easy by Best of Breed IT solution (SOA and ERP) enabling businesses to excel at global scale. But the businesses have a challenge to come out of the shell to invest on these technologies to stand at the top in their niche markets. They also gain advantage of auditing their true infrastructure, business processes and integrate them to achieve single view.

Article Review of Health Disparities Research

Article Review of come upness Disparities Research hold ONE (1) REVIEWPurposeThis melodic theme is a personal innate review of the article Perspective Challenges to Using a Business part for Addressing Health Disparities,1 further referenced herein as the publications.DefinitionHealth dissimilarity is defined as the difference in wellness among incompatible populations2DiscussionIn our textbook, McKenzie and Pinger describe differential gaps between individuals as the apparent movement for health disparities. To expand on this, they write3recognized that some individuals lead perennial and healthier lives than others, and that often these differences are closely associated with amic fit characteristics much(prenominal) as race, ethnicity, gender, location, and sociostinting status. These gaps between groups mother been referred to as health disparitiesHealth difference ProblemWhereas our textbook briefly discusses health unlikeness, it doesnt delve into causes, nor h ow languish it has existed. However, the how long answer can be engraft in a paper by Cindy Lawler in which she writes that the problem was recognized As early as 1899, W.E.B Dubois (1899) observed the existence of Racial and ethnic Health Disparities (REHDs), and through his social study of Blacks in Philadelphia he interpreted statistical data just about their health and drew several conclusions that are similar to today. She also touched(p) upon Dubois working with flawed health data collection in Philadelphia that sacrificed the verity of statistical analysis.480 plus studies, conducted between 1984 and 20045, have repeatedly declared similar, if not the same issues and viewpoint all point to the health disparity issues in the United States, but not enough data to find a fix for the causation(s).So, if this is an age-old problem, why are we heretofore veneer this systemic problem after a full century of recommendations have been made? I believe the authors attempted to address this by composition the belles-lettres but, it is my belief, they fell short as the literature only touches the terminus of the ice berg.ChallengesAs written, the literature appears to be solely focused on the galore(postnominal) challenges to using a business case for health portion out organizations. The common challenges that were identified includedlag-time in ROI, anddisconnect between investor and the agnize beneficiary.In discussing ways to tackle the problem, the literature laid out a litany of challenges faced by health care entities through use of a broad view of both business and social cases. Throughout, it outlined what businesses and health care entities must do to achieve a better ROI, mend trying to attain equity, with the ultimate goal of achieving a reduction in health care disparity.The literature also points out that a gravid many health organizations remain reluctant to help combat the disparity problem. Their reasoning is based on concern for th eir bottom linethey are changeable about whether they may see a positive ROI return, or not. And, this is not without merit, especially since thither is typically a lag between installation and seeing the ROI.To emphasis this point the authors state it doesnt take much to bulge out the process.a combination of business and feeling improvement principles may still be able to guide health care organizations seeking to dress disparities.As a starting juncture, they suggest use of Pareto charts and application of the 80-20 rule. In doing so, plunk forholders could initiate a process to re-focus their frets, thus allowing them the ability to turn their energies toward redirecting endanger capital items, such as funds, manpower, and equipment more effectively.To prove their point, the authors referred to an 80/20 rule study which identified a disparity within an unnamed health care setting specifically, care afforded to African Americans. The study found that approximately 80 par t of African Americans were cared for by 20 percent of physicians, in an under-resourced setting, thus subjecting the group to a lessor form of quality care.6The literature goes on to identify another avenue to further increase effort effectiveness, and reap further rewards in doing so, and that is though collaboration with other concerned parties within the community. By doing so, they hopefully will part the process of lessen the disparities, one small step at a time.Who is at bump?Health disparities commonly affect minority, low-income, and rural-based populations. One reason for this, in part, is due(p) to location. Regardless of the setting, in town, low income housing projects, or rural environment, many may have little to no access to a quality care facility, or any type care facility, or supplier at all. This forces these groups to travel greater distances, and in tight economic times, such as we are in today, these groups many not be able to afford the travel costs. Th is creates a socio-economic Access to Care disparity, as well as an inequity issue.Of course, many races and ethnicities are affected by these factors, and the literature explains that the authors believe this is rooted in racial segregation.ConclusionIndividual health is the culmination of many factors. However, the most important factors are the social, economic, and environmental conditions in which we are born, live, work, study, and play.Engaging the social elements of health is a critical circumstances of any comprehensive health equality strategy. Successful engagement could finally lead to reduced healthcare costs, and improvement in everyones overall health outlook. From a business standpoint, health care entities, stakeholders, and investors need to identify and pass the correct business model, ensure proper policies and procedures in place, and have demoralise in from everyone (community, workers, senior C levels, and ultimately clients) before they can begin to reali ze a faster, positive ROI.Furthermore, health care entities and business stake holders, in cooperation with community leaders and governmental agencies (regardless of level), need to realize there is a critical need to identify and improve community health environments and health policies. This can only be achieved though cooperative efforts by all and, by supporting programs and policies that address the myriad of social and economic determinants of health. In doing so, only then can we ensure the root causes of health disparities, and the associated inequities, are adequately, and effectively addressed and eliminated.1 Lurie, N., Somers, S. A., Fremont, A., et al., 20082 McKenzie, James F., Pinger, Robert R. 2015. pg. 25, sidebar3 McKenzie, James F., Pinger, Robert R. 2015, pg. 25, para 54 Lawler, C. (2011), Introduction, pg. 155 Lawler, C. (2011), Introduction, pg. 15, para. 3.6 Lurie, N., Somers, S. A., Fremont, A., et al., 2008, para 12.

Newton Raphson Method Example

atomic number 7 Raphson Method ExampleINTEGRATED AC/DC POWER SYSTEM USING MODIFIED NEWTON-RAPHSON LOAD spring ANALYSISABSTRACTThe north-Raphson establishment or the another(prenominal) name c altogethered Newton Method, is a caterful proficiency for solving equations numerally. Like so big buckss of the differential calculus, it is based on the simple idea of railroadar approximation. The Newton Method, properly used, usually homes in on a root with desolate efficiency. In this investigate, the Newton-Raphson method acting alloy devolve abbreviation willing be change. It is modified to seduce compatibility for the AC/DC systems with unified DC relate in the ac network. The modified Jacobian equation includes the DC factual and labile federal agency at the AC/DC buses and their dependance on the AC system varicapables. The AC/DC test system with a cut ascend computation in MATLAB will be evaluated by using modified Newton-Raphson method.INTRODUCTIONElectric origin transmitting was primitively highly- bring abouted with operate current. The availability of transformers and the cultivation and of induction motors at the beginning of the twentieth Century, led to greater appeal and use of AC transmission. The research and development on multi-electrode grid controlled mercury arc valve for high abilityfulnesss and potential drops was carried out in 1929. there use in conversion processes for transmission and frequency changing was carried out in 1930s. DC transmission now became practical when longsighted distances were to be covered or where jobs were required. After the Second World War, the research on HVDC got stimulated, particularly in Sweden and in Russia. In 1950, a 116 km experimental transmission product melodic phrase was commissioned from Moscow to Kasira at cc kV 1.HVDC transmission is now an integral part of the delivery of electrical energy in many countries throughout the world. In view of rapid harvest-home i n demand and supply of electricity, electric government agency system is comme il faut increasingly large and more complex. Moreover, regular electric supply is the veer necessity for growing assiduity and other fields of life. The power industry planners argon demanding stronger trend towards supplying electric power of higher case by improving the system security and its impact on milieu in parallel with pursuit of economy. In real life situation, the beat of perfection is never met, because there be deviations amidst the model and reality. encumbrance flow and state estimation epitome are all-important(a) tools for deciding the stable operation and control of power system as substantially as future planning of power systems 2, 3.The first commercial HVDC line built in 1954 was a 98 km submarine cable with ground return between the island of Gotland and the Swedish mainland 4. Thyristors were employ to DC. Transmission in the late 1960s and solid state valves became a reality. In 1969, a contract for the Eel River DC. Link in Canada was awarded as the first application of interchange state valves for HVDC transmission 4.PROBLEM STATEMENTWhy use DC transmission in the transmission system? This question often asked by the people. Some of people are response that the losses will are lower. Unfortunately, the answer given not correct. Therefore, the level of losses is planed into a transmission system and modulate by the selected conductor size. Either as budget items transmission lines or submarine cables can do lower losses only at higher expense since the larger cross-sectional land will generally result in lower losses but comprise more for the DC and AC conductors. It is mostly by economical choice, when converters are used for DC transmission in preference to AC transmission driven by one of the following reasonsAn overhead DC transmission line with its towers can be intentional to be less(prenominal) pricy per unit of length than an equivalent AC line designed to transmit the same level of electric power. However it is more costly at individually end of the DC converter send than the terminating stations of an AC line. Therefore, there is a breakeven distance above which the total cost of DC transmission is less than its AC transmission alternative. Lower optic profile can have by the DC transmission line than an equivalent AC line. Indeed, it lead to a lower environmental impact. There are other environmental advantages to a DC transmission line through the electric and magnetic fields being DC preferably of ac.The breakeven distance is lesser than overhead transmission, if transmission is by submarine or underground cable. It is not practicable to consider AC cable systems majestic 50 km but DC cable transmission systems are in service with length which is in hundreds of kilometers and even distances greater than or equal 600 km have been considered executable.Neighboring networks are not synchronised with some AC electric power systems even though their personal distances between them are quite small. This situation occurs in Japan. It is 60 Hz network for half the country and the 50 Hz system for the other side. It is physically impossible to connect the both of them together by direct AC methods in order to exchange electric power between them. Nevertheless, it is likely to transfer the needed power flow even though the AC systems, if a DC converter station is located in each system with an interconnecting DC bring together between them indeed affiliated remain asynchronous 1.OBJECTIVESThe main targets of this research areTo study the Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis.To modified the Newton-Raphson method to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrate DC associate in the AC network.SIGNIFICANT OF aimLoad flow study is a crucial tool that dissemble with the numerical analysis applied to a power system. A power flow study usually uses simplified notation such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system and focuses on various forms of AC power (i.e. voltages, voltage angles, real power and re dynamical power) 5. Normal steady-state operation is how the power system is see. Exist a few number of software implementations of power flow studies. Load flow analysis is probably the most important of all network calculations since it concerns the network performance in its median(prenominal) in operation(p) conditions. It is performed to enquire the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flows in the system components. The important of this study is to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with merged DC neckties in the AC network by using the modification of the Newton-Raphson power flow analysis method.SCOPE OF WORKThe scope of this research is to analyze IEEE test system with the modified Newton-Raphson algorithm that will be develop and to solve the HVDC affair power system lo ad flow. This algorithm will be develop from the Newton-Raphson equation and some other equation from the DC link equations. The Jacobian equation for the AC power flow is altered to attain compatibility for systems with integrated DC link(s) in the AC network. Treated as voltage dependent PQ-buses are the converters. This grant the DC variables to be included in the power flow equations. Both the AC network and the DC link will be comprise by the new residual sender and Jacobian hyaloplasm 6.LITERATURE REVIEWThe studies of integrated ac/dc power system, their advantages and analysis of load flow in integrated ac/dc power system and their implementation is much develop here the literary productions review on these aspects is briefly summarized asK. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, U. Kilic represent the Load diminish (LF) analysis of pure AC power systems is solved saperately. It is by numerical analysis methods and the heuristic methods. The load flow of integrated ac/dc power systems only has been implementing by numerical methods so far. A lot of methods to implement load flow analysis of integrated ac/dc power systems in literature. Examples of these methods are Newton-Raphson, Fast Decoupled and Broyden. By using genic Algorithm the consecutive load flow analysis of AC/DC system is implemented. The suggest method is examine on IEEE 9-bus test system. heuristic rule method is apply for load flow analysis of the integrated AC/DC power systems for the first time 7.Panosyan and Oswald presented the model of a two-terminal HVDC link and its integration into the Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis taking into servant the control strategies of the HVDC converter stations. It is suggested that the simplest way of integrating a dc link into the ac load flow is by representing it by unalterable active and reactive power injections at the two terminal buses in the ac systems. Thus the two terminal ac/dc buses are stipulate as a PQ-bus with a constant voltage independent active and reactive power 8.Sanghavi and Banerjee suggested a sequential approach for performing the load flow analysis of an integrated ac/dc power system. In this approach a simplified model of the dc link has been developed and the means of integrating the link equation with a standard ac load flow program has been explained. in this model minimum standard of modifications have been made with a standard ac load flow program 3.Mobarak presented the well-known Newton-Raphson method for the load flow analysis of system consisting of HVDC link. The original NR method is modified to attain compatibility for AC/DC systems with integrated DC cogitate in the AC network. The altered Jacobian equation includes the DC real and reactive power at the AC/DC buses and the dependency on the AC system variables 9.Marsafawy and Mathur proposed a new method for the load-flow calculations of, integrated AC/DC systems. They proposed use of fast decoupled load flow method, which handles all AC/DC equations simultaneously, and fully exploits the sparsity proficiencys. They have shown application of the technique on two systems. The systems are one with a point to-point DC transmission and the other with a 3-terminal mesh HVDC sub-system. It was a fast technique for load-flow studies of an integrated AC/DC system 10. METHODOLOGYDefinition of name/ConceptsMATLAB MATLABis a high-level language and interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming. apply MATLAB, data can be analyze, develop algorithms, and create models and applications. The language, tools, and built-in math functions enable us to explore multiple approaches and reach a answer faster than with spreadsheets or traditional programming languages.Newton-Raphson EquationPower flow equations formulated in polar form.Expressing in polar formSeparating the real and imaginary partsExpanding equation above in Taylors seriesThe Jacobian matrixDC Link EquationSuppose the rectif ier maintains constant current (CC), the inverter operates with constant extinction angle (CEA), maintaining adequate switch margin under normal operation. That isIf we assume the rectifier maintains constant current (CC), the inverter operates with constant voltage (CV), maintaining adequate commutation margin under normal operation. That isCONCLUSIONIn a nutshell, the objective of this study will be achieved after all the research have been done. The Newton-Raphson method will be study and will be applied in the load flow analysis. Then, the Newton-Raphson method will be modified and applied in the AC/DC systems with the integrated DC link in the AC network to achieve it compatibility. The research will able to make the calculation for the AC/DC systems with integrated DC links in the AC network become wakeful. A new method to include dc systems in power flow calculations will be proposed. The method is more efficient than previous methods and more importantly, the method is ea sy to implement and developments of ac power flow solution techniques can be combined with the other method.REFERENCES1D. A. Woodford, HVDC transmission, Manitoba HVDC Research Centre, pp. 400-1619, 1998.2J. Arrillaga and P. Bodger, Integration of h.v.d.c. links with fast-decoupled load-flow solutions, galvanising Engineers, proceeding of the Institution of, vol. 124, pp. 463-468, 1977.3H. A. Sanghavi and S. K. Banerjee, Load flow analysis of integrated AC-DC power systems, in TENCON 89. Fourth IEEE Region 10 International Conference, 1989, pp. 746-751.4H. Sato and J. Arrillaga, Improved load-flow techniques for integrated a.c.-d.c. systems, Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of, vol. 116, pp. 525-532, 1969.5S. Gupta and S. K. Jain, Power flow analysis of system with HVDC link, 2012.6O. Osaloni and G. Radman, merged AC/DC systems power flow solution using Newton-Raphson and Broyden approaches, in system of rules Theory, 2005. SSST05. Proceedings of the Thirty-Se venth Southeastern Symposium on, 2005, pp. 225-229.7K. Ayan, U. Arifoglu, and U. Kilic, interconnected AC/DC systems Load Flow using Genetic Algorithm, in Power engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), 2011 5th International, 2011, pp. 404-409.8A. Panosyan and B. Oswald, Modified Newton-Raphson load flow analysis for integrated AC/DC power systems, in Universities Power engineer Conference, 2004. UPEC 2004. 39th International, 2004, pp. 1223-1227.9Y. A. Mobarak, Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesModified load flow analysis for integrated AC/DC power systems, in Power System Conference, 2008. MEPCON 2008. 12th International Middle-East, 2008, pp. 402-405.10M. M. El-Marsafawy and R. M. Mathur, A New, Fast Technique for Load-Flow Solution of Integrated Multi-Terminal DC/AC Systems, Power Apparatus and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. PAS-99, pp. 246-255, 1980.

Subcortex Diencephalon lesions from the view of the Neurologist and the Neurosurgeon :: Medical Medicine Essays

Subcortex Diencephalon lesions from the sketch of the brain doctor and the NeurosurgeonThe interbrain, which includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus of the brain will be discussed in this roam paper however, the main focus will by on the hypothalamus of the diencephalon structure. To begin a brief review of the functions of the thalamus and hypothalamus, the thalamus is the input center for afferent information and the output center for motor information. The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and the bodys temperature. The hypothalamus similarly releases hormones and plays a role in inner responses and behaviors, and our circadian rhythms (Campbell, 1999). The hypothalamus can be affected in many ways from genetics/hormones to injury from a lesion or accident. If a female fetus is exposed to too more testosterone during their critical period the hypothalamus can become masculinized which would lean create male behaviors in the female. Those fetuses tha t are male but are androgen deadened have femininized hypothalamuses and portray feminine behaviors (Kalat, 2004). Damage such(prenominal) as a lesion to the lateral hypothalamus can cause an individual to refuse food and/or water depending on where the lesion is located. The opposite of true of damage occurs in the average hypothalamus, the individual will over eat or drink (Kalat, 2004). The NeurologistThe neurologist can perform many experiments on the hypothalamus by placing electrodes on the different parts, which simulates what could happen to the individual if this pile of the hypothalamus became injured. Studies have shown that the hypothalamus control functions such as mating, urination and defecation, eating and drinking, temperature regulation (through homeostasis), and circadian rhythms (Farr, 2002). The anterior portion of the hypothalamus is involved in copulation however the septal region is likewise involved. When electrical stimulation is directed to thi s area the individual will experiences sexual emotions and thoughts. A study was do on cats where electrical stimulation on the anterior portion of the hypothalamus was done thus showing that the cat acted as though it was going to urinate or defecate along with the some other processes such as hiding/covering the feces (Farr, 2002).One of the just about important functions of the hypothalamus is in the lateral and ventromedial regions, these areas in the hypothalamus control eating and drinking. If a lesion in the lateral region of the hypothalamus is created experimentally or damage is done to

The Horror of The Tell-Tale Heart Essay -- Tell-Tale Heart Essays

The Horror of The Tell-Tale Heart Writers can use m any tricks to retain a tale seem more interesting to the referee. From the words they plank to the setting to the eon of the day... the possibilities are extirpateless. In the story The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe, the use of light and darkness, the description of the humans eye and the time frame bear the story more scary than anything else. Poe also uses suspense at the end to make the readers heart beat faster. The speaker starts the story out by explaining that he doe not hate the experienced man that he is about to kill. In fact he even says that he loves him and that he has al offices been nice to him. The reason he must kill him heretofore is because of what he calls his evil eye. When he describes it one can whole work the feel of disgust just imaging it. One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture-a pale blue eye, with a film over it (Poe, 1). In the way that the reader describes the eye one gets the im pression that the eyes looks as if it utter, possibly making the speaker feel that he has the right to kill the man. The bordering trick that Poe uses and probably the most interesting is the use of lightness and darkness. every time the speaker goes into the room to look at the man he always describes the room as being pitch black. Even he takes extra precautions so as not to give off any light into the room. When he goes into the room, he takes a lantern with him still keeps it covered. The save time the lantern gets to shine is when the speaker wants to look at the mans face. Even with this he only shines ...a single thin ray...upon the vulture eye (Poe, 2). It seems interesting that all of the readers whole kit and caboodle must be performed in the dark almost as if he is ashamed of what he ... ...r night and just watch the man. Not only does the waiting let the reader know about the killers seriousness but it also questions his sanity. From the begging of the story the speaker is trying to convince the reader that he has justification in wanting this man to die because of his dead eye. The way that he waits up night after night and watches this man reflects that of a stalker. And at the end when he pulls the boards from the floor to reveal the old mans hacked body, he says he did it because the old mans heart kept on whacking and the sound was getting to him. One cannot help but think is this the story of a killer or a mad man? This narration leaves many unanswered questions about the speaker and what his real intentions behind cleanup spot the old man might have been. However, what it does not leave to the caprice is much room for any more horror.

The Use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

The Use of divisor Orange in the Vietnam contend Agent Orange is a plant killer, which was used during the Vietnam War to annihilate the massive amount of trees (Nguyen, 1). The destruction that occurred, however, is far more extensive than in one case believed. Complications in health occur much more frequently to those undecided to the chemical than those who managed to avoid contact (Nguyen, 2). The use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War affected the American soldiers health and genetics. Agent Orange is a 5050 mixture of two major compounds, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (Nguyen, 2). This defoliant also contains dioxin, which is one of the more or less lethal compounds known to man (Nguyen, 2). Ironically, the dioxin, which makes Agent Orange lethal to humans, isnt intended to kill plants at all (Vancil, 1). It is extremely hard to prove, however, that dioxin is accountable for the countless illnesses acquired by more Vietn am veterans because each individual has their own tolerance to dioxin (Vancil, 1). Many soldiers in the Vietnam War encountered Agent Orange repeatedly. Their lives revolved close to the 55-gallon drums, which once were filled with an extremely harmful herbicide. Unaware of the possible consequences, many soldiers built showers and hibachis out of these discarded drums (Doyle, 139). They also used the barren drums to install potatoes and watermelons (Doyle, 139). One man described to his wife how they would bathe and s...

Essay --

Many risks come along with big bonusesThe kick downstairs of the housing bubble in the US caused the collapse of financial institutions and the bailed forth of banks by governmental institutions resulting in the 2008 financial crisis. One of these banks was the Royal jargon of Scotland who ran out of money. Bankers were blamed for acting out of self- recreate and making raging decisions. These failures will be analysed in this essay by giving serve to the following question How did agency speculation contributed to the 2007 financial crisis?Introductory, agency theory discusses the relationship in which one party, the spark advance, delegates work to another, the agent (Eisenhardt, 1989). The core mentation behind agency theory is to through contracting align the interest of shareholders (principal) with that of the managers (agents) in order to maximize shareholders value. Thus, the decision-making is being separated from the party who bears the risk therefore, problems ca n arise. Firstly, the principal cannot verify whether the agent has behaved appropriately (the agent and principal have partly di...

Emily Bronte Essay -- essays papers

Emily Bronte Emily Bronte was one of three sisters who became famous saucyists. Emilys only novel is Wuthering Heights, which was published in December of 1847. Emily was from the Yorkshire village of Haworth. Emily was born on July 30, 1818 to clergyman Patrick Bront? and Marie Branwell Bront?. She was the fifth child of six. The village of Haworth was very isolated. Two years after they moved to Haworth, Mrs. Bront? died of cancer. In 1824 the four eldest girls were sent to Cowan Bridge School, a school for the daughters of improvised clergymen. The conditions there were very unhealthy, and as a issue Emilys eldest sisters, Maria and Elizabeth died and Charlotte became very ill. Mr. Bront? had Charlotte and Emily brought home. As children Charlotte, Emily, Branwell, and Anne w...

The Odyssey: The Use Of Hubris :: essays research papers

There is no safety in unfathomable hubris (McGeorge Bundy). The dictionary defines hubris as overbearing pride or presumption arrogance. In The Odyssey, Homer embodies hubris into the characters Odysseus, the Suitors, and the Cyclopes. Odysseus shows hubris when he is battling the Cyclopes, the Cyclopes show hubris when dealing with Odysseus, and the Suitors show it when Odysseus confronts them at his home.To start, within the course of The Odyssey, Odysseus displays hubris through many of his actions. The most prominent typesetters case in which Odysseus shows hubris is while he and his men are trying to run for from the Cyclops Polyphemus. They drug the monster until it passes out, and then stab him with a tonicity in his single eye. Polyphemus, now blinded, removes the gigantic boulder blocking Odysseus escape, and waits for the men to move, so he can kill them. The men escape from the countermine to their boat by tying themselves under flocks of rams, so they can consider ably slip by. Odysseus, now proud after beating the giant, starts to yell at Polyphemus, instead of making a silent escape. Odysseus men ask him to wait before Polyphemus would get the range and lob a boulder (436). precisely Odysseus shows hubris by saying that if they were to meet again, Odysseus would take your life and hurl you piling to hell (462 463). Polyphemus, now extremely angry with Odysseus, prays to his father, Poseidon, to make Odysseus never make his home again, and after which, throws a mountain towards the sound of Odysseus voice. (470). Because of Odysseus hubris after crying(a) Polyphemus, Poseidon grants the prayer, and it takes Odysseus 20 years to return home, at the cost of the lives of all his men.Next, Polyphemus demonstrates hubris by believing that because he is a giant, he is unbeatable by anyone, sluice a god. This is shown when Odysseus meets Polyphemus and greets him with gifts, as it is a custom to show courtesy to hosts and guests alike, (unexp ected or non). Failure to give gifts can lead to revenge from the gods. Odysseus tells Polyphemus this, but Polyphemus would not let you go for fear of Zeus because the Cyclopes have much force by far . (205 200) Polyphemus then angers the gods further by kidnap and eating Odysseus men, both of which are considered extremely uncivil in classic society. Polyphemus is so confident in his invulnerability he lets the men wander free inside the cave, a mistake that leads to his downfall.

The Boston Police Strike :: essays research papers

The capital of Massachusetts Police StrikeIn 1919, there was a general agreement that the Boston legal philosophymen had a great deal to remonstrate about. They disliked their hours, working conditions and most importantly, their salary. After getting a bring forward in 1913, the policemen had asked for another raise in 1917 to compensate for the high wartime inflation. By the time the officers had finally received that raise, the buying power of that extra property had gone down so low that the policemen were still having problems making ends meet. other point of struggle was the long hours the officers were hostd to work, including a nighttime in the station house each week and the special details. Lastly, the police force objected to the conditions that they were forced to work in. Men had to sleep in beds infested with all sorts of bugs and on the soiled sheets that were left all over from the previous occupants. To voice their complaints, the policemen turned to the Bos ton Social Club, a fraternal organization founded by Police Commissioner Stephen OMeara in 1906.On the other end of the negotiating table sat Police Commissioner Edwin U. Curtis. Although Curtis considered himself to be sympathetic to the policemens demands, he refused to deal with the union. As the days went on, the situation grew tenser. On August 26 and 29, Curtis fired 19 workers for their union activity.This caused massive floor among the workers and on Tuesday, September 9, the strike began with three-fourths of the force walking out. Realizing that the police force was gone, some of Bostons residents began to commit small crimes. This eventually escalated into massive riots that act until 130 in the morning. The following day, the small fraction of the police force had much difficulty maintaining the order but by that night the National Guard was deployed and the violence slowly came to a stop over the following couple of days.

Hester Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout the Rocking-Horse Winner, Hester was overly materialistic, emotionally cold towards her children and in self-denial over her own faults.Hester had expensive tastes and she insisted in keeping up the latest style. The expensive and splendid toys that filled the nursery were more than the parents diminished income could afford. Paul asked for an explanation of luck. Hester responded by saying its what causes you to have coin, quickly making a connection between luck and wealth. And fleck she discovered she had a knack for sketching furs and dress materials she adored, making hundreds of pounds per year did not appease her elegant tastes, for it still wasnt affluent to keep up her extravagant lifestyle. When Hester found that she had mysteriously acquired five thousand pounds, she quickly asked for the hearty sum at once. This specie was not used to pay arrive at the debts the household so sorely needed it was used to purchase more cozy and unneeded items. The spray s of mimosa and almond blossom emanated from the home and was more pungent than before. Hester felt that her financial state couldnt afford to get a car but ironically she purchases tutors for Paul and expensive items for their home. era Hester fancied lavish items, she also strived to be prestigious and gain kindly stature. This stature was always hard to preserve for there was never enough money. Hester toiled to maintain her superior status and was willing to sacrifice her money to buy iridescen...

Steven King Essay -- Biography Biographies

Bio of Steven indexStephen KingStephen Edwin King was born September 21, 1947in Portland, Maine, U.S. He is an American novelist and short-story writer whose many novels and story collections, and the numerous films adapted from this large body of work, have naturalized his reputation as the leading author of horror fictions in contemporary literature, and with reviving the genre of horror fiction in the late twentieth century.King graduated from the University of Maine in 1970 with a bachelors degree in English. abuse by a fanatically religious mother and ridiculed by her classmates, Carrie was the set-back of many novels in which King blended horror, the macabre, fantasy, and science fiction. Among such workings were Salems Lot (1975), an equally nihilistic novel, which portrays a small Maine village infest and repopulated by vampires. The Shining (1977 filmed 1980), a writer, his wife, and their young son act upon as winter caretakers in a ghost-ridden hotel. The Stand (197 8), The Dead regulate (1979 filmed 1983), Firestarter (1980), Cujo (1981), Christine (1983), It (1986), Misery (1987), The Tommyknockers (1987), and The Dark Half (1989).In his books King explored or so every terror-producing theme imaginable, from vampires, rabid dogs, deranged killers, and a pyromaniac to ghosts, extrasensory information and telekinesis, biological warfare, and even a malevolent automobile. Though his work was disparaged as undisciplined and inelegant, King was a talented storyteller...

The Quakers and Arts in Utopian Societies :: Essays Papers

The Quakers and Arts in Utopian SocietiesToday, we can still recall many examples of past utopias. A utopia is an ideally perfect place, especially in its social, political, moral and legal aspects.1 They do not approve of any actions that ar superficial and unnecessary. In addition to these beliefs, people from utopian societies are gruelling believers in God. Sharing many of these same ideals, the Quakers are a free radical with a strong faith. Despite the fact that Quakers feel art is a luxury and a frivolous thing that they should not take small-arm in, many great artists and writers are members of the Quaker society. George Fox founded the Quakers also cognize as the Society of Friends in 1650. This was a time of religious din in England due to people searching for an uncorrupted version of Christianity. For their imprint of religion, the Quakers relied primarily on spiritual searching done by several(prenominal) members, congregations and meetings. The Quakers were mai nly involved in humanitarian work, seeing the good in all(prenominal)thing. They sought to practice total Christianity, with their main opposition toward slavery. During the civil war, the Quakers took the champion in the abolitionist movement and in running the Underground Railroad, which aided runaway slaves.2 In 1671, William Penn, a necessitateer of the group, worked solely on expanding the Quakers and joining them with other groups.3 Fox developed the idea of Inner brighten. This is found within each person, and is a divine inspiration that brings enjoyment and an enlightened conscience. It is Gods spirit found in every human soul. Fox felt that following the inward light would lead to spiritual development and towards individual perfection. He taught the members to worship in conquer and people only spoke when they felt moved by the set apart Spirit when they were in their meetings. George Fox promoted simple living he was against alcohol, holidays, sports, theater, a nd jewelry. They notion of themselves as friends of Jesus and later, the Quakers also became known as the Society of Friends.4 The Quakers adopt been associated with the color gray, or drab, because of the simple living that they remain faithful to. drab is a color that is a mixture of yellow and gray, or a dull light brown. The Friends found colors to be a distraction, using gray to avoid the excitement that was looked down upon. This was also used to financial backing the divine inspiration within themselves.

Essay --

Introduction Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has become the foremost biopesticide since the beginning of the 1970s, due to the lethality of the toxin to insects. It has attracted industry to use it worldwide as an effectual weapon against agri-cultural pest. formerly, B. thuringiensis was considered an entomopathogen. Within the last four decades the complexity and diversity of B. thuringiensis as an insecticidal microbe have been elucidate.The first report on the crystalline parasporal proboscis in the bacterium that might be related with the insecticidal activity appeared by 1953 (Hannay, 1953). Angus (1954) demonstrated that this crystal contains an alkaline- soluble toxin for insects. B. thuringiensis produces a f3-exotoxin well-known likewise as the fly-toxin, thermostable toxin, or thuringiensin, but this toxin was not permitted for use in gardening because its toxicity was not limited to insect pests (Sebesta et al., 1981). The 8- barricadeotoxin shows potential characteristi cs of an insect-specific bioinsecticide. By the end of the 1950s, the toxicity of the sporecrystal complex was classif...

Brave New World Introduction Essay -- essays research papers fc

BRAVE NEW WORLD Introduction This sweet was written by Aldous Huxley in 1932. It is a fable about a world state in the 7th century A.F. (after Ford), where social stability is based on a scientific caste system. Human beings, rate from highest intellectuals to lowest manual workers, hatched from incubators and brought up in communal nurseries, visualize by methodical conditioning to accept they social destiny. The action of the figment develops round Bernard Marx, and an unorthodox and therefore unhappy alpha- plus ( something had presumably at peace(p) wrong with his antenatal treatment), who vivits a new Mexican Reservetion and brings a idle back to London. The savage is at first fascinated by the refreshing adult male, but fin tout ensembley revolted, and his argument with Mustafa Mond, world controller, demonstrate the incompability of individual independence and a scientifically trouble- free society. In abide invigorated World Revisted 1958, Huxley reconsiders his prophecies and fears that some of this might be coming true much earlier than he thought. In Brave New World, he turned to the apologue. It was a descion that has profound consequences upon his romances and upon his critical reputation. In a 1961 interview Huxley explained his conception of Brave New World. "The new forces of technology , pharmaceutics, and social conditioning can bid modern humans into a kind of uniformity, if you were able to manipulate their communicable background. if you had a government unscrupulous enough you could do these things without any doubt.we argon getting more and more into a position where these things can be achieved. And it is extremely important to realize this, and to take every possible perplexity to see they shall be not achieved". One of the novels head word rethorical strategies is to make all readers recognize what so few characters can compensate that preserving freedom and diversity is necessary to avoid suffering the rep ressions fostered by shoal ideas of progress. Huxley makes his ironic stance clear from the beginning by contrasting the contains title with the action of his first scene counterpoint to the novels opening at the central London Hatchering and Conditioning Center, a factory that creates on a conveyor belt the citizens for the Brave New World. BNW is one more memorable and successful for its overall portrayal of a society that for its delination of plot or psy... ...rminated by the State. The individuality of BNW is systematically stifled. A government bureau, the Predestinators, decides a prospective citizens role in the hierarchy. Children be raised and conditioned by the state bureaucracy, not brought up by natural families. Respect belongs only to society as a whole. Citizens must(prenominal) not fall in love, marry or have their give kids. The individuals loyalty is owed to the state alone. BNW, then is centered pie-eyed to control and manipulation. Conclusion Those fear s where the expectations of Aldous Huxley for a not too far future. His predictions got close of what is doing today science, clones... Those are predictions that are getting fulfilled as prophecies and we should warned all this, because who knows if one day some of us become Alphas and others Betas and so on... Bibliography naan LAROUSE UNIVERSAL Barcelona.Ed. Plaza & Jans,1992 Concise Companion to side Literature. emended by Drabble and Jenny Stringer Revised Edition.Oxford University Press. New York, 1986 BAKER,PH. EMERSON,G., Et Al. Concise Companion of English Literature Biography. Modern Writers, 1914-1945. Vol. 6. Gale Research Inc. Detroit,MI.

The Brink of War :: history

The Brink of WarIn 1914, thither were many things that placed atomic number 63 at the brink if war. Nationalism, militarism, imperialism, neighborly darwinism, and Jingoes where five of the master(prenominal) forces that were pushing Europe to the brink of war. Another main force was the culture of Alliance systems. These minds and systems threatened the balance of force play which could then cause a major war to gaolbreak push through. In Europe at the time, there were many ideas which were causing corrasion. Nationalism, which was the desire for a country was causing friction because masses in old empires sought to be free. The leaders of these people would not be happy and a war would definitely break out. If they became free they would also need to take land from someone else and this once again may cause a war and usually did. Another idea which was contributing to the shifts of power in Europe was Militarism. This was when a country believed its power was reflected in its army. They believed that war was the right thing to do and that all countries need to be ready for war. If a country felt they had a cope of power they would, no doubt, try to get a weaker neighbor or just any other country. Imperialism which was the countries want to build an empire was other reason. For a country to become an empire they would have to colonize and conquer other territories. This would easily start wars and its not that hard to figure out why. A good example of this is Italy. They wanted to become an empire so they attacked a country which they thought was weaker then them(Abyssinia). This caused a war which in the dying was won by Abyssinia. Another cause was the idea of social darwinism. This meant the survival of the fittest. The best would win and the weaker would parish. The stronger country would attack weaker countries and in the end the weaker would usually lose. This caused a lot of tension just like militarism. The coda of the ideas, was the id ea of jingoes. These were people who lived for war. All they wanted was to go to war. Jingoes where very aggresive talkers and they caused a lot of friction between many countries. These ideas where some of the main reasons Europe was pushed to the brink of war.

Drugs and alcohol effects :: essays research papers fc

The medicine problem affects all types of students. All regions and all types of communities show lavishly levels of drug use. Thirty percent of 1990 high school seniors in non-metropolitan beas describe extracurricular drug use in the previous year, while the pasture for seniors in large metropolitan areas was 33 percent. Although higher proportions of males are multiform in illicit drug use, especially heavy drug use, the infract betwixt the sexes is closing Bibliography lists 4 sources. California has been considered a leader in the fight for drug control. With its three strike and youre out program, the west coast state has exhibit its firm stance on the issue of illegal drugs. However, the writer discusses that at the helm of this controversial topic is the mandate of minimum drug sentencing for what both(prenominal) consider to be insignificant usage as such, people caught with what would own one time been considered a negligible amount of cocaine are now under n ew and forceful laws looking at a mandatory minimal jail sentence. An 8 page paper that argues against the legalization of marijuana from a sociological and psychological perspective. The writer suggests that while on that point is considerable data about the usefulness of this drug from a medical standpoint, the general legalization would have considerable social and psychological implications. A 6 page research paper that examines the effects of parental signification abuse on their children and argues that such abuse greatly increases the chances that their children will, likewise, develop significance abuse problems. A 5 page introduction on the grandness of obstetric/gynecology centers on many aspects of womens health care. Identifies the problems inherent in crack cocaine use among pregnant women and stresses the importance of educational programs in the reduction of crack cocaine usage and suggests that viable alternatives for these types of programs could be revealed by reviewing crack usage among pregnant women outside the large urban environment.The drug problem affects all types of students. All regions and all types of communities show high levels of drug use. Thirty percent of 1990 high school seniors in nonmetropolitan areas reported illicit drug use in the previous year, while the rate for seniors in large metropolitan areas was 33 percent. Although higher proportions of males are involved in illicit drug use, especially heavy drug use, the gap between the sexes is closing Bibliography lists 4 sources. The drug problem affects all types of students.

Essay --

What is a torpedo? That is the question that has numerous unalike answers depending on who you ask. There ar some pretty popular answers to that question. unrivalled of those answers is A genius is someone who helps separate people, or helps to make other peoples lives better. Another is A hero is a someone who tries to make the domain of a function a better place. or A hero is a person who does something that is more than what is expected. Still others are A hero is someone that doesnt do something for his or her own problems but for the benefit of others and A hero is a person that doesnt want to be a hero just to be famous. Those were just some statements about what people think a hero is, but what about the qualities a hero should have?There are many qualities that people think a hero should have. To name a few of those qualities there is courage, determination, focus, compassion, dedication, honesty, loyalty, responsibility, and wisdom. (http//www.personalitytutor.co m/qualities-of-a-hero.html). Most people study these are truly important qualities to have, probably because they themselves wish they had more of those traits. Most people believe that these traits are not just traits of superheroes they are also the traits of everyday heroes, or real heroes-not super heroes- throughout history.An example of an everyday hero is Bethany Hamilton, she is a surfer who on October 31, 2003 at age 13, was attacked by a 14 foot long tiger shark while surfing, and lost her arm. (http//www.values.com/inspirational-sayings-billboards/39-Rising-Above) She luckily survived the attack, but it seemed that her lifelong dream to become a professional surfer was almost ruined. After a few months of healing and such she got affirm on her surf board to... ... told and said the message never slacken off up.One of the main qualities that both these heroes had was courage. The reason for this is that there were many bad things that happened in their lives, and ev en though it was scary they push forward. endurance is one of the main qualities that people say when asked What is a quality that a hero should possess? We all what to be courageous, and when we see a hero being that, it makes us believe that we can be too. That is another dandy thing heroes do they inspire us to, be courageous, to help somebody, or to not give up. You blaze the trail. And sometimes that involves doing something that scares the heck out of you. (http//www.theglobeandmail.com/life/liz-murray-shares-her-tale-of-life-from-homeless-to-harvard/article1314532/) That is a quote by Liz Murray that inspires us to try something new and be courageous.

Essay --

Soccer Supporters CommunityThe word company is primarily referred to our link with a neighborhood, town or city. But besides its dictionary definition, a participation is also what holds a certain group of people together based on their interests, beliefs, practices and values. The world is conformed by many of these communities, and in that respect is one that stands out because of its enormity and the passion that is sh bed at heart its members, the association football supporters community. Soccer supporters are the most diehard fans in the sports world their love life and enthusiasm towards a association football club is beyond normal and their typical practices makes them a worldwide community.This community is mainly defined by the subjection soccer fans have towards their favorite club and the things theyre willing to do to support their team at either game. This unique fanaticism makes them divers(prenominal) from opposite sports supporters. The set of practic es and habits that soccer supporters carry out are things same(p) wearing the jersey of your team at all games, create banners on support, sing chants to motivate your team, travel to the away games, watch other soccer leagues, play soccer, stay tuned on what is going in the soccer world, but overall respect the game. Needless to say, every community has a moxie of stability that declares what is acceptable and what is not. That stability is possible thanks to a communitys traditions and behaviors that must be followed by those who belong to them, and in this case, soccer supporters are not the exception. As Eduardo Galleano once said, in life a man can change wives, political parties, or religions, but he cannot change his favorite football team, and thats is the number one ruler of a soccer supporter, t... ... World Cup champions, their support and passion are going to be at the highest possible level. This amount of fervor is what holds the community together.Therefore the s occer supporters community is about love, respect, passion, loyalty, commitment and many other qualities that bring people from all round the globe together that percentage the same love for a sport. There are standards of behaviors and traditions that must be followed in order to have a sense of stability within the community. As I mentioned before, one of the main purposes of this community is to prevent every aspect that can spoil the image of the game, and lastly supporters must interest advantage of such events like the World Cup, in order to move and relate with supporters of other teams, so that all supporters share the love for the game, ravish the game, respect the game and live for the game.

Lincolns Gettysburg Address (memo Guide) :: essays research papers

When the White Men CameI miss my home. I always thought I would be surrounded in its sweetie forever, until they came to our region. Everyday it becomes more difficult to remember back to the days when it was ours. They took our lives away, and we were helpless. however there was nothing that we could have done. They were white men we were afraid.It began as the leaves started to flip from cool green to warm red and gold. My sister had married whole the night before and we were all very happy. Because of the change in tolerate and the addition to our family we had thought something wonderful would be granted unto us. We were wrong.I world-class felt that something was going on early the break of the day after my sisters wedding party. in that respect had been talk of an enormous canoe seen in the water off the land away. The excitement seemed to be in full swing that morning. I sit with my fathers mother working on my weaving. She was talking about her own wedding and beca use she had told that story many times last night, it was easy for me to be distract by the commotion outside. There were shouts and yells, but all to distant for me to move over out what was being said. After a few minutes of listening, devil men stopped and stood just a few feet away from my window. pattern out of eyesight, I could sense their uneasiness. The two talked of the great canoe. They were nearing.As they morning went on, I was assigned various tasks. One of my duties brought me not too faraway from the waters edge. My mother knew of the excitement of what was approaching us, and warned me to stay away from the water. She knew that the bravest men in our tribe had gone down to investigate the situation and/or digest our village. As a 13-year-old girl, I knew of no such plan. But, of course, curiosity got the surmount of me and I hurried down to see what was going on. I hid rear a large tree and peeked out at the men. They stood watching the nation lower smaller canoes into the water and get into them, still away from the shore. I observed from my hiding place, but soon fell asleep, still stock(a) from the festivities the night before.I was awaken by a deafening bang.

Horror and Self-punishment in Sophocles Oedipus Rex Essay -- Oedipus

abuse and Self-punishment in Sophocles Oedipus Rex An ancient plate portraying Oedipus listening to the riddle of the Sphinx. Oedipus Rex is a play whose qualities of inscrutability and of pervasive irony quickly come to complicate either critical discussion. It is a play of transformations in which things change before our look as we watch where meanings and implications seem to be half-glimpsed beneath the surface of the school text only to vanish as we try to take them in and where wry resemblance and reflections abound to confuse our response. The play encourages us to make connections and to withdraw out implications that in the end we are forced to reassess, to question and peradventure abandon.The plays meaning by two oppositions is defined by its stage march and its language, are parallel and complimentary to each other. The play is, in a way that determines our response to its meaning, a sequential follow through. Our response is shaped through the duration of its performance.The opening of the play presents us with a gathering, the old and the young, no women, no fully adult males, so that Oedipus is, at once, magnified and isolated. His serene authority is overwhelming and majestic. But on what does Oedipus authority rest? thither is a crucial uncertainty here. The opening scenes present us with an number of Oedipus as a political figure, a human king whose effect derives from the community he rules, whose perceptions and whose feelings are indissoluble bound up with the experience of the men of Thebes, whose language he speaks and where he belongs.We are swept deflection as a gathering panic occupies Oedipus mind at consultation mention of a place he remembers, where he once killed a man. If that man was Laius, Oedipus s... ...e vain attempts of mankind to escape the evil that threatens them. There is an transparent indication in the text of Sophocles tragedy itself that the legend of Oedipus sprang from some aboriginal pipe drea m-material that had as its content the distressing disturbance of a childs relation to his parents owe to the first stirring of sexuality. At a point when Oedipus, though he is not yet enlightened, has begun to feel troubled by his recollections of the oracle, Jocasta consoles him by referring to a dream, as she thinks, it has no meaning. It is clearly the key to the tragedy and the complement to the dream of the dreamers father being dead. The story of Oedipus is the reaction of the imagination to these typical dreams. And simply as the dreams, when dreamt by adults, are accompanied by feelings of repulsion, so too the legend must include horror and self-punishment.

People Accused Of Violent Crimes Should Not Be Allowed To Post Bail :: essays research papers

People Accused of Violent Crimes Should non Be Allowed To Post BailPeople criminate of hostile crimes should not be allowed to post bail andremain out of jail dapple their trial is unfinished. There atomic number 18 many reasons to whyI powerfully agree with this statement. Many factors atomic number 18 unknown to the publicwithout conducting some manakin of extensive research. Whether it is simplyreading in the paper about pending trials, or as complicated as researchingprevious trials. Bail is pertinacious by a judge, and their lives argon devoted tohandling these types of decisions. There are three solid reasons to why I feelit is necessary to revoke bail to those accused of violent crimes. One is thatall conditions for release are decided by a judge who is fully aware of thecircumstances. other is that these defendants, since being arrested, shouldbe considered a threat to public safety. My last, and final, reason is that my principle strongly agrees with denial of ba il to the accused.In Nebraska, as written in the Statutes of Nebraska, bail is grantedafter a judge takes into account the character and circumstances of the offensecharged. This judge looks at the defendants family ties, employment, financialresources, character and mentality, having resided in the community, convictionrecords, and record of court appearances or of flight to avoid pursuit orfailure to appear. A judge, when deciding if bail is to be granted, does notjust flip a coin to decide. He or she looks at all aspects of the situation.It all rests in the judges hands. When a judge looks at a person accused of aviolent crime, such as murder, a few things are liable to pop into perspective.One would be to how violent and detrimental the accusations are. Any rationalthinking person would realize that if arrested, they are in suspicion.Therefore, a state appointed judge is also breathing out to realize that this personmust be a threat, especially if accused of a violent crime. I t does not violatethe accused rights, because once downstairs arrest, their rights are strictly defineas what the judges final decision is.This leads me to my adjoining point, that these accused people are a threat.The purpose of bail, as defined by the Nebraska Statute, is to ensure that thedefendant will show at the trial. I researched a case where this was stronglyconsidered. Brian Mase is accused of shooting and violent death John Boyer, afterBoyer refused to leave Mases home. They were in a fight everywhere a stolen watch.

Matrix Reloaded Movie Review :: essays research papers

The hyaloplasm ReloadedStarring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Jada Pinkett-Smith, Hugo Weaving, Clayton Watson, Nona Gaye, Monica Bellucci, Cornel double-uDirector(s) Larry Wachowski, Andy WachowskiScreenwriter(s) Larry Wachowski, Andy WachowskiFilming Location(s) Australia Chicago San FranciscoStudio Warner Bros.Alternate Title(s) The matrix 2 rate R - for sci-fi violence and some sexualityGenre Science Fiction, Action, subsequence --------------------------------Special EffectsThe Matrix raised the bar, in terms of fussy effect, and kept it there for an awful long time before cosmos topped of. Then comes The Matrix Reloaded which has once again proved the Wachowskis are undoubtable the most imaginative and innovative directors this side of Zion. The two stand out scenes come with neo kicking 100+ agents cyber punk asses and a 14 minute car chase that cost $40, 000, 000 to produce and upon seeing the word-painting its not hard to see why, with cars b eing blown up left, proper and centre, death defying motorcycle stunts and a car being cut in half by an ancient samurai sword among other things. This is by removed the most elaborate movie ever made and with a cluster including Yuen Wo Ping, arguably the best fight choreographer in the world and the visual effects mastermind John Gaeta e genuinelyone saw it coming, but it still managed to blow away(predicate) all pre-conceptions and expectations.CinematographyLet this be a lesson to you about perseverance. one and only(a) of the Wachowskis earlier movies was entitled Bound and had its original cinematographer quit because of the very restrictive budget. They went to a man named Bill Pope next who was more(prenominal) than willing to work within the budget. A few years after the when the Matrix was green-lit he became the obvious choice, not only for the original, but as well as for both sequels, sling-shoting him into the cinematographers hall of fame. From a continuos pan, circling one of Neos battles, to a tracking shot that depends like it passes through traffic, the cinematography in The Matrix Reloaded is second to none.Costumes and Make UpKym Barett, costume designer and regular married person with Baz Luhrman, she previously worked on Romeo + Juliet and Moulin Rouge. Suggested to the Wachowskis by Bill Pope, she created the Gucci does Bondage look that The Matrix trilogy is famous for. Every punch, block, kick and swirl is dramatised and accentuated by the blank, fearless look on their face and the uniform like consistency of long silky leather jackets and pitch black shades.