The Great Gatsby America in the 1920s - 2381 Words

Considered as the defining work of the 1920s, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was published in 1925, when America was just coming out of one of the most violent wars in the nation’s history. World War 1 had taken the lives of many young people who fought and sacrificed for our country on another continent. The war left many families without fathers, sons, and husbands. The 1920s is an era filled with rich and dazzling history, where Americans experienced changes in lifestyle from music to rebellion against the United States government. Those that are born into that era grew up in a more carefree, extravagant environment that would affect their interactions with others as well as their attitudes about themselves and societal†¦show more content†¦This was also a time of optimism and desire. Money was a major foundation of society in America. Seeing as the decade was fixated on beauty, power, and wealth, people felt they could forget about their pasts and co uld become anyone they wanted, as though they could become an elite member of economic or social power. Flapper girls were also a new development of lifestyle during this era. Flappers were a new image for women, ditching the old and traditional lifestyle for a new, outlandish one. Being able to cut their hair short, wear short skirts, go out dancing and drinking without a man with them, and begin to speak their minds was a huge thing. From a world where the man is the one in the house that works and the woman stays home and takes care of the home and children to partying and making more carefree and promiscuous choices in their personal lives, this was a fascinating and empowering experience for some women. Though most women certainly did not adapt the extreme party lifestyle, many women at least adopted the fashion style and wore shorter skirts and got their hair cut into the bob style. For the women, being a flapper made them feel independent and powerful, and they freely pra cticed manipulation over rich and morally questionable men using seductive and promiscuous means. Due to the fact that so many peopleShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerlad832 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone in America has their own American Dream. These dreams may vary from having a family or becoming a rich business person. The American dream was strongest in our country during the start of the 1920s. America was just beginning to triumph over poverty. People were becoming more successful as a country. Carrie Latet once said, May I never wake up from the American dream. Along with Carrie, this was the wish of the vast majority of America. In 1929, the Great Depression hit and many AmericansRead More F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesindifference of the 1920s. In his novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald explores many aspects of indifference and flamboyancy. A large influence on this society was the pur suit of the American Dream. Gangsters played a heavily influential role in the new money aristocracy of the 1920s. The indifference was mainly due to the advent of Prohibition in 1920. One major societal revolution in this period was that of the â€Å"new women,† who expressed new actions and beliefs. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald accuratelyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby1327 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is too concerned with conveying a picture of 1920s American society to have relevance to modern readers. From what you have read of the novel so far and using relevant contextual information, give your response to the above view. The USA in the 1920s is remembered as the ‘Roaring Twenties’, an age of new life, of hedonism and opportunity following the horrors the Great War. The decade is synonymous with wealth, materialism and unprecedented freedom. F. ScottRead More Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pages Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald The 1920s is the decade in American history known as the â€Å"roaring twenties.† Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is a reflection of life in the 1920s. Booming parties, prominence, fresh fashion trends, and the excess of alcohol are all aspects of life in the â€Å"roaring twenties.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The booming parties in Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby reflect life in America during the 1920s. Gatsby displays his prominent fortune by throwing grand parties. FromRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1704 Words   |  7 PagesClass structure of the 1920s was based on popularity and how well off people were compared to those around them. F. Scott Fitzgerald illustrates class structure in the book The Great Gatsby through the different characters in different social classes. Fitzgerald gives settings that correspond with the social classes of the characters to better illustrate what environment he placed each character in. The Buchanan’s, Gatsby, and the Wilsons are examples of the different conflicting social classes FitzgeraldRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald992 Words   |  4 PagesJazz Age was a period of great economic, social, and political change happening in the 1920’s. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitz gerald, however, sees in this a time of boundaryless death, and urban decimation. The Great Gatsby is modeled towards the death of the American dream during the 1920’s. Based on the happening of the 1920’s, this model is certainly reasonable. F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby use the motifs of materialism, carelessness, and decay seen in the 1920’s in order to show aRead MoreA Society Without Morals - The Great Gatsby891 Words   |  4 Pagesof the United States of America meaning that America is the land of opportunity and wealth for anyone. However what people fail to understand when they manage to get to America is that, although it is the land of opportunity, an individual is not able to magically go from dirt poor to filthy rich, they have to work for it. Even after working for it many people are disappointed not because they did not get more money, they just did not as much as the expected. In the 1920s this was because of allRead MoreThe Great G atsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1599 Words   |  7 Pagespopular novels is named The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is written to reproduce the environment that Fitzgerald was living in. This semiautobiographical work uses fictitious characters to portray how people around Fitzgerald acted and what the overall theme of America was at this point in time. The years that ensued World War I were known for mass productions of alcohol, grand parties, and greed for money. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald depicts America through Jay Gatsby, expresses the conditionRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Analysis1327 Words   |  6 Pageslifestyles of people living at that time.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald can be viewed as a lens into the 1920s by depicting how different socioeconomic classes lived and the feelings of these different groups of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The 1920s are often referred to as the roaring 20s because it was a prosperous time for America.   This period was was a crucial time for America, socially and politically, and Fitzgerald is able to emulate this in â€Å"The Great Gatsby†.   The tone Fitzgerald utilizes throughoutRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1271 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Dream Essay By: Mary C. Watts In his novel,The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald attempted to explore the American Dream during a corrupt period of the 20’s. In this novel, he wants us to believe that money makes the world go round, or perhaps gets one headed in the right direction. Is it true that an individual can achieve success in life, regardless of family history or social status, if they work hard? Fitzgerald wanted to show the hidden boundaries dividing reality from illusion

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History of Jamaica Essay - 1402 Words

History of Jamaica Columbus discovered Jamaica on May 5, 1494, one year after he heard of the existence of the island. However, the true history of Jamaica begins with the African-Jamaican people who came to the island twenty years after the English took control from the Spaniards. The history of Jamaica can be broken up into different time periods, which were defined by watershed moments or events. Jamaican history begins with the establishment of the native islanders called the Tainos who inhabited the island for hundreds of years before the discoveries of Columbus. (JNHT 1) The Tainos are a subgroup of the Arawak people who were first†¦show more content†¦Today Spanish names still exist in the form of rivers, family names, and towns(JNHT 2). The Spanish implemented a new form of economy on the island based on shipbuilding and repairs in order to maintain the trading post in the Caribbean. Jamaica relied heavily on the trade of fruits and animal skins in order to produce revenues for the Spanish Empire. Jamaica proved to be an unworthy colony for the Spanish because of the lack of prosperity of agriculture. The Spanish remained in power of Jamaica for over 150 years until the invasion of England in 1655. The fleet of Admiral Penn and ground troops of General Venables were able to conquer Jamaica rather quickly although there would be reoccurring invasions by the Spanish in hope of recapturing their territory. England’s 38 ships and 8000 troops forced the Spaniards to flee with little resistance (Carley 27). The English established Port Royal as the main trading post which showed growth under their strict rule. The end of the invasion left no pure blood Tainos remaining on Jamaica. By the end of the Seventeenth Century, Jamaica was established as a prime source of sugar all across the globe. The growth of sugar paved the way for plantations because of the large amount of land needed to produce sugar along with a large labor force that resulted in slaves. The extermination of the native race was small compared to theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Children’s Literature in Jamaica4155 Words   |  17 PagesChildren’s Literature in Jamaica As children in the United States, we grow up listening to the stories of Dr. Seuss and Curious George as we fall off to sleep to the sound of our parent’s voices echoing in our dreams. As we start to grow older and the poetry of Shel Silverstein’s, Where the Sidewalk Ends no longer holds our imagination as much as it did at eight years old, we begin to read stories that are a reflection of the environment we live within. We engaged ourselves in the lives of suchRead MoreJAMAICA history: The history of Jamaica is a rich and vibrant that inspire them to move forward as900 Words   |  4 Pages JAMAICA history: The history of Jamaica is a rich and vibrant that inspire them to move forward as a nation. The original inhabitants of Jamaica are believed to be the Arawaks , also called Tainos. Arawaks came from South America 2,500 years ago and named its island Xaymaca which meant â€Å"land of wood and water†. The Arawaks are simple people by nature. Arawaks were light brown in colour, short and well-shaped with coarse, black hair. Their facesRead MoreHistory Of Bretton Woods System And Jamaica1436 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORY OF BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM AND JAMAICA BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM The Bretton Woods System was formed as a result of the collapse of the Golden Standard and The Great Depression. These closely related events prompted the need to establish an international monetary system, whose main aim was to revive the economies of the Post World War as well as fostering international economic relations that would end inter-war conflicts. Furthermore this historic event took place in July 1944 in New Hampshire wherebyRead More A Political and Cultural History of Jamaica Essay2589 Words   |  11 PagesSituated just south of Cuba in the Caribbean Sea, Jamaica is well known as a popular tourist spot and the birthplace of reggae music. Populated initially by native Arawak Indians, who gave the island its name, â€Å"land of wood and water (Jamaica).† However, this beautiful land’s almost pristine beauty was shattered by outbursts of violence surrounding the 1980 political elections. This fighting was sparked by the people’s mistrust of the ruling socialist party at the time. The reasons for this fightingRead MoreEssay on Jamaica: History, Government, People, Religion1238 Words   |  5 PagesJamaica: History, Government, People, Religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jamaica is a tropical island, located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea. Around the coastlines are beautiful beaches with crystal clear blue-green water. In some respects, this is the majority of what people know about Jamaica. In this orientation text you will better understand Jamaica’s history, the people who live there, the many different religions, geography, and governments that have ruled the land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The land of Jamaica is veryRead More Comparing the History and Culture of The United States and Jamaica 1380 Words   |  6 Pages After visiting the country of Jamaica this past summer, I realized how dissimilar some countries can be from the United States. Jamaica was not unlike the United States in a terrible way, but the disparities made me additionally interested in researching about the beautiful and culture-rich country of Jamaica. Even though the majority of facts about the history and culture of the United States and Jamaica are dissimilar, I was surprised to come across some similarities among these two countriesRead MoreJamaica: Land of Inspiration 858 Words   |  4 PagesJamaica: Land of Inspiration Jamaica is full of diversity. From religion, to ancestry, and even geography, Jamaica is always evolving. From the towering mountains all the way to the warm and sandy beaches, Jamaica is a sight to see. However, Jamaica was not always a happy and carefree place. The Jamaican people have suffered from war, disease, and slavery. Jamaica is a small and beautiful country that thrives with culture and should be studied by everyone around the world. Geography and Climate Read MoreJamaican History Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesJamaica: History, Government, People, Religion Jamaica is a tropical island, located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea. Around the coastlines are beautiful beaches with crystal clear blue-green water. In some respects, this is the majority of what people know about Jamaica. In this orientation text you will better understand Jamaicas history, the people who live there, the many different religions, geography, and governments that have ruled the land. The land of Jamaica is very small. TheRead MoreComparison Between Jamaica and India1742 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: JAMAICA INDIA: A COMPARISON Jamaica India: A Comparison Abstract The paper provides a comparative analysis of Jamaica and India. Several important aspects of each countrys culture and history are examined. The paper assesses the risk and the advantage of conducting business with countries with histories of imperial rule and civil struggle. After providing a brief, yet comprehensive view of each country, the paper ultimately concludes that any business conducted with any countryRead More Jamaica Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesheart of the Greater Antilles. History tells that the enslaved island once known to its natives as â€Å"Xaymeca†, has come a long way in becoming the independent nation known today as Jamaica. In the Sea of many islands known as the West Indies, Jamaica stands peaceful, welcoming tourist and expanding rapidly. From an early age my passion for the island and its culture has grown strong. From a brief history, through a look into the present day culture and society of Jamaica, my fascination with the island

The Causes of Prohibition (America 1920s) - 848 Words

Why was prohibition introduced in America in the 1920? When federal prohibition was introduced in America with the 18th Amendment to the constitution in 1919 and the Volstead Act in 1920, it was often termed ‘The Nobel Experiment’. It didn’t take long for most people to recognise that the experiment had gone terribly wrong and that it was fostering what it was supposed to eradicate, crime, excess and corruption. But the question is why it was introduced in America in 1920 and to understand this issue, one has to look at the groups that campaigned against the American drinking culture, such as the Anti-Saloon League, as well as the general situation and the public opinion in America, including the fear of immigration. One of the groups†¦show more content†¦Another reason for the introduction of prohibition was the issue of immigration and race. Many Americans and WASPs in particular associated immigrants with the drinking culture, especially the Irish and immigrants from the South, like Italians. This made them support prohibition as they feared that immigration would have negative economic effects and that immigrants would import revolutionary ideas, such as communism. Also Southern landowners wanted to prevent black labourers from getting distracted by drinks. And in addition eugenics became popular in US in the 1920s and their idea was that alcoholic genes could be passed down to the next generation, thus weakening the American race. Finally the situation after World War I created the perfect environment for such a radical change introduced on a federal level. Government interventionism and limiting the people’s freedom seemed more acceptable as there had been many restrictions. This meant that prohibition on a federal level would have probably been seen as too interventionist a measure, if it had been proposed at a different time making the First World War a necessary condition for the introduction of prohibition. Therefore the reason for the introduction of federal prohibition in America in 1920 was the fact that on the one hand there was a wide range of groups campaigning for temperance and against alcohol,Show MoreRelatedEssay on prohibition1665 Words   |  7 Pages Prohibition, which was also known as The Noble Experiment, lasted in America from 1920 until 1933. There are quite a few results of this experiment: innocent people suffered; organized crime grew into an empire; the police, courts, and politicians became increasingly corrupt; disrespect for the law grew; and the per capita consumption of the prohibited substance—alcohol—increased dramatically, year by year. These results increased each of the thirteen years of this Noble Experiment, and they neverRead More absolut Failure Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages The 1920’s was a time of major social change in the United States. The social changes during this period are reflected in the laws and regulations that were implemented. One of the most prominent examples of this was prohibition. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, or the Volsted act as it is also know, was implemented to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the advocates of prohibition hoped to also eradicate the social problems associated with alcohol. â€Å"It wasRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920 Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rise and Fall of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s The second Ku Klux Klan lasted between 1915 to 1944 but predominantly rose and fell during the 1920s. The Ku Klux Klan was a white supremacist group with millions of members who brutally tortured and killed anyone who was not a white American. The Ku Klux Klan were known for their white robes, cone hats, and covered faces that disguised their identities. The second Ku Klux Klan’s most important part of it’s history was it’s dramatic rise and fallRead MoreThe Negative Impact of American Prohibition1632 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 16th 1920, the 18th amendment officially was put into play. â€Å"The 18th amendment made the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages restricted or illegal, this was also called the Prohibition era.† (Scott, Robert.) Many people called this time â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† and the â€Å"Jazz Age†, new music appeared, along with new dances and a new and exciting era for women. A lso, a general relaxation of standards after the stressful years of WWII. (Prohibition.) ProhibitionRead MoreCulture during the 20s-40s: Great Gatsby1365 Words   |  6 Pagesand particular events during these decades influenced many rebellious outbreaks going against societal norms. The â€Å"Roaring 20s† (1920-30), had a major impact on adolescent behavior in America, starting in New Orleans, moving into Chicago and later, New York City. Throughout the 1930s-1940s a new adolescent culture emerged, influenced by early upheavals during the 1920s. The twenties were years of prodigious changes and prosperity in many areas of society; for example, revolutionary changes in musicRead MoreAmeric The Rise Of Organized Crime873 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Wilson Writing Composition 2 3/21/16 America: The Rise of Organized Crime The United States of America is no stranger to corruption and extortion. Gang violence, the mafia, murder for pay and the marijuana industry in un-legalized states are a few examples of organized crime that happen in current day America. There are many different forms and types of organized crime today but where did they arise from? The rise and growth of organized crime in America can be attributed to government interventionRead MoreEvaluating the Success of the Enforcement of Prohibition in the United States1456 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Enforcement of Prohibition in the United States Prohibition was the banning of alcohol in the U.S.A. It was the 18th amendment and was known as the national prohibition act. It was also given the name the Volstead act because it was put into practice by Andrew.J.Volstead. Prohibition had its ups and downs. It was successful in many ways but was also a failure according to other matters. One of the reasons due to which prohibition failed was because ofRead MoreClassism And Prohibition In The Great Gatsby1569 Words   |  7 PagesA World Divided: A Look at Classism and Prohibition in The Great Gatsby Abraham Lincoln famously said: A house divided against itself cannot stand; in today’s world full of conflicts, protests, and wars, this is an idiom that holds immense truth. It has been so for as long as there have been people with opinions, and 1920’s America was an era full of opinions. The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a classic tale of the Jazz Age told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a newcomerRead MoreThe Great Depression1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920’s was a decade of discovery for America. As mentioned in â€Å"who was roaring in the twenties? —Origins of the great depression,† by Robert S. McElvaine America suffered with the great depression due to several factors but it managed to stay prosperous at the end. In â€Å"America society and culture in the 1920’s,† by David A. Shannon there was much more to the great depression. It was a time of prosperity an economic change. Women and men were dis covering who they were and their value to societyRead MoreGangster Films In The 1920s1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe dawn of Prohibition engendered the societal normalities of the United States to be completely turned upside down. What had been a source of a good time for so many was declared illegal and now millions of Americans were forced to seek alternative means of obtaining their alcohol, no matter how unscrupulous the source. Enter the gangster, a larger than life, pinstripe wearing, gun wielding renegade. It was this romanticized idea that would come to serve as an embodiment of society turning to the

A Research Study On Cancer Essay - 1425 Words

Cancer remains a leading cause of death in the United States, with 590,000 adults and 2,000 children and adolescents succumbing to this disease in 2015 (NCI, 2016d). The lesser known statistic is that survivorship has more than doubled in 22 years and survivors are expected to comprise more than 5% of the U.S. population by 2024 (NCI, 2016d). Cancer incidence remains relatively unchanged; a contributing cause for increased survivorship is effective therapy (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004; Simon, 2016). With advances in therapy, multiple therapeutic regimens have been developed for many malignancies. For example, non-small cell lung cancer has over 18 first-line chemotherapeutic regimens listed as a national standard of care (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2016). When considering multiple therapeutic regimens, a key deciding factor becomes a patient’s medical fitness for therapy contrasted to a regimen’s toxicity profile. Currently, a gap exists in that toxicity profile: patient reported outcomes. Addressing this gap impacts therapeutic decisions through two pathways: therapeutic dose adjustments (driven by adverse events) as well as empowering patients to understand what to expect during therapy by publicly providing patient-reported outcomes. Background and Significance Adverse events are defined by FDA as untoward medical occurrences regardless of causality to a drug. Adverse events define the drug’s toxicity profile, which serves as aShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Cancer Essay1882 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Cancer Background Cancer is a disease that is characterized by rapid, unrestricted proliferation (cellular reproduction) of abnormal cells in an organism. Although there is not a single cause for cancer, there are several environmental and genetic factors that have been associated with the development of cancer. These factors include exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco, ultraviolet light, radiation, and various toxins; inheritance of damaged genes that promote tumorigenesis (theRead MoreA Research Study On Breast Cancer1308 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Breast Cancer is on the fore-front of modern tumor research and scientists are continually seeking for new ways to treat and prevent cancer progression. Current treatments by hormone-dependent drugs like Tamoxifen and Raloxifene focus on estrogen receptor inhibition in mammary and endometrial cell lines. This group of drugs are known as selective-estrogen receptor modulators or SERMS, which are effective in estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) and hormone-estrogen receptor 2 positiveRead MoreA Research Study On Breast Cancer981 Words   |  4 PagesIn this case study we have Sarah a forty-two-year-old woman who has breast cancer which has metastasized to her lungs. Despite having had multiple tumors removed the cancer has returned. Sarah’s oncologist, Greg, recommends that she take part in a double blind experimental drug trial in an effort to slow the occurrence of more tumors. Greg explains that the risks of the drug are not entirely known; the drug won’t cure her c ancer but may slow its progression, it may leave her extremely fatiguedRead MoreA Research Study On Breast Cancer2138 Words   |  9 PagesBreast Cancer accounts for more than 20 percent of cancer in women, and is the primary cause of cancer death among women globally.1 Despite extensive scientific research on the disease, the outlook on a cure arguably remains poor. While some breast cancer survivors and women at high risk remain hopeful that soy intake will reduce the risk or even cure cancer, the recommendations are conflicting. For decades, the relationship between soy foods, supplements, phytoestrogen intake and cancer has promptedRead MoreA Research Study On Breast Cancer1702 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of high mortality and morbidity in women population worldwide. Up to date, no effective breast cancer treatment has been developed and this has motivated academic scientists for the quest for alternative drugs and the discovery of drug targets. Increasing evidence suggests that carotenoids, which are micronutrients in fruit and vegetables, reduce breast cancer risk [1]. Previous findings suggest a protective role of ÃŽ ±-carotene, ÃŽ ²-carotene,Read MoreA Research Study On Prostate Cancer1602 Words   |  7 Pagescobalt thiocyanate. Introduction Cancer is one of the most common forms of disease worldwide; approximately 25 percent of deaths within the United States are related to cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers within men, while breast cancer is commonly diagnosed within women. The most common cancers observed in both men and women include pancreatic, and lung and bronchus cancers.1 Once a person has been diagnosed with cancer, the person may be advised to generallyRead MoreResearch Study on Pediatric Cancer Funding1540 Words   |  6 PagesPediatric cancer funding X Cancer Specialty Center P.O. Drawer C Ft Monroe, VA 24064 March 6, 2013 Mr. Smith Mark, COO X Cancer Specialty Center P.O. Drawer C Ft Monroe, VA 24064 Dear Mr. Smith: With this is a copy of my justification report on the subject of funding and support of research in pediatric cancer and assisting poor parents of children suffering from cancer. This statement is a review of my findings from the most recent year of working in X Cancer Specialty Center, and a separateRead MoreA Research Study On Pediatric Cancer1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed with cancer each year. Of those 1,960 will die of the disease in the United States. Nobody should have to go through this in their life time, let alone an infant or child. Kids are suffering each and every second of their lives trying to fight the unbearable, frightening, terrible disease. For many, many years, doctors, researchers and nurses have been working to find cures for pediatric cancers. Progress has been made in treating some cancers but there are still many pediatric cancers, whichRead MoreA Research Study On Cancer Telephone Helplines2440 Words   |  10 PagesCancer telephone helplines have been in existence for nearly four decades and continue to gradually grow in popularity. Trained specialists are available 24 hours a day to answer any questions, provide information, and offer callers emotional support in order to help them cope with what they may be experiencing. These helplines are not only for cancer patients, but also for their caregivers, friends, family, or anyone with a general interest in learning about or discussing cancer with a specialistRead MoreA Research Study On Cancer Registry History1338 Words   |  6 PagesCancer Registry History A cancer registry is an information system that collects, maintains, storages, and analyses data on people with cancer. Cancer data is important to healthcare world. Physicians, researchers, legislators, medical students, epidemiologists, and public health planners rely on this data. Researchers need it to study possible causes of cancer and doctors need it to decide the best course of treatment for their patient. The major purposes are: †¢ to establish and maintain a cancer

Information Technology Ethics Australian Computer Society

Question: Describe about the Information Technology Ethics of Australian Computer Society? Answer: Introduction: The ACS or the Australian Computer Society is an organization for ICT technology. Its objective is to make advancement of professional excellence in IT. Hence it will promote the development of Australian ITC resources. Australian Computer society was situated on 1st January 1966 from five state based societies. ACS is integrated part of Australian Capital Territory on since 3rd October, 1967. ACS does its operation on various aspects, such as, professional development, special interest group and annual conferences. Members of this organization are required to follow a code of professional conduct and code of ethics. Stakeholders: ACS gives a various range of policies in order to improve skills on ITC, training and education quality and ability in Australia. Major ideals: Major Ideal of ACS is Brenda Aynsley OAM, who is current president and Kim Finch, who is the chief executive officer. ACS code of ethics: As a required individuality of a profession is the need of its members follow up to the code of conducts. In case of ACS, code of ethics is established to be a part of rules and regulation of the society. This rules and regulations are applied on the members of the ACS, who are working in the field of ICT technology. The Code of Professional Practice is formed to serve a bunch of guidelines for suitable principles of practice within an ICT organization. Supported by an advisory materials for specific areas like, software engineering, project management, network management and environmental consequences due to the use of ITC, it have some significance to professional standard legislation. If a person or an organizational issues is unable to observe the code of conduct, can lead to disciplinary action taken by ACS. There are six main ethical values associated expectation to maintain professional conduct (Reynolds, 2003). The increased quality of life: The primacy of the public interest Honesty Professional development Competence Professionalism People who get benefit: Members of ACS have equal access of benefits to have professional development and structured learning. In the field of global economy, ACS keeps realizing its members about their professional ambition (Soraj Hongladarom Ess, 2007). Stakeholders: ACS gives a various range of policies in order to improve skills on ITC, training and education quality and ability in Australia. Hence it can promote the professional and responsible use of ICT due to its efficiency which affects every aspect of daily life. 3 ethical theories of ACS: There are 6 ethical theories regulates within the ACS. All these are abided by the members of the ACS. Three among of them are- Honesty: A member should be honest while he/she is representing his/her skill, services, knowledge and products Professional development: An employer within ACS should enhance his/her profession capability and also encourage his/her employees to enhance their capability in order to have a good working environment (Tavani, 2003). Competence: An employer or the top most members should work with proficiency and with a delightful mind for the stakeholders. Summary: ACS have the mindset to focus on the usage of excellent skills for better results in the font of discussion and also welcomes the initiative to make betterment of the Job readiness quality of a student and facilitate the transition from the education background to work place with the help of work incorporated learning programs and cadetships (Tyrrell, 2002). ACS gives its strong support to the recognition in the discussion font to describe the role of technology to drive the productivity and innovation. This rules and regulations are applied on the members of the ACS, who are working in the field of ICT technology. The Code of Professional Practice is formed to serve a bunch of guidelines for suitable principles of practice within an ICT organization. Opinion: When the performance and workability of a system come out with its effective results, it become the boon for everyone in the organization but when it is not in the state to deliver quality product, it delivers a worst scenario due its life and death consequences of system failure, for example, a medical record system. This kind of system are not safe when they accidentally there is issues in the underlying system design and implementation. Keeping these scenarios in mind ACS provides the proper maintenance of responsibilities of a person within the organization with grater professionalism in the ICT sector. To minimize the system risk and sudden failure ACS provides a watchful environment to certify the designing, operating and maintaining phase with minimized risk. ACS gives its strong support to the recognition in the discussion font to describe the role of technology to drive the productivity and innovation (Wahlgren, 2010). Recent Ethical Dilemma (At my work place): Recently I have experienced an attack of social engineering. With this kind of attack I have to face the browser crash, machine slowing and so on. Due to this social engineering attack I have came across the spam messages in my account. The time when I open the spam mail, it was asking for my bank account details to transfer a lump of money, as I have won it in a lottery. The moment I clicked the link, it was ok. I visit the page but did not give my personal information to them. After some time my system started lagging. Browsers were crashed also. In later period of time, I had to give extra protection by allowing my firewall to prompt me, whenever I visit an illegal site. I also had to do proper scanning and deleted all the cookies and browsing history. In this scenario, the mail was containing malicious software which took my personal data from my browsing history. The malware also have slow down my computer with the associated function (block of codes) within malware. Doing Ethics Technique: DET is mainly focused on secure usage of internet and technological advancement: An Internet user should not click on the link, when the source of the link is unknown. An Internet user should not accept files, when sender is unknown. When a device with lot of personal information found lost the user must change his/her personal information. A user should be responsible of his/her personal devices and belongings so that the chance of data loss can be reduced. Proper data hiding technique (password enabling, encryption) should be chosen while communicating using a wireless communication technology in order to make outer world unknown about someones personal data. Internet user should enable virus detection software (antivirus) and firewall in his/her personal device. Conclusion: ACS have the mindset to focus on the usage of excellent skills for better results in the font of discussion and also welcomes the initiative to make betterment of the Job readiness quality of a student and facilitate the transition from the education background to work place with the help of work incorporated learning programs and cadetships. ACS gives its strong support to the recognition in the discussion font to describe the role of technology to drive the productivity and innovation. References INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. (2010). Communication Booknotes Quarterly, 41(1), pp.46-48. Reynolds, G. (2003). Ethics in information technology. Boston, Mass.: Course Technology. Soraj Hongladarom, and Ess, C. (2007). Information technology ethics. Hershey: Idea Group Reference. Tavani, H. (2003). Recent books on or related to ICT ethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 5(3), pp.177-180. Tyrrell, S. (2002). Using information and communication technology in healthcare. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Medical. Wahlgren, P. (2010). Information communication technology. Stockholm: Stockholm Institute for Scandinavian Law.

Credit Risk in Liability Measurement †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Credit Risk in Liability Measurement. Answer: Introduction The term liabilities are mostly comprehensive in that it makes no trial in distinguishing between commitments and liabilities and instead include all obligations from an organization contracts. They are usually viewed as the present obligation in a given firm that might ascend from its historical events, whose settlement is predictable or anticipated to bring about some expenditure from the firm of capitals symbolizing its economic benefits. They represent bargained prices or standard of the recorded costs applying on both side of statement of the financial position in an organization (Upton Jr, 2009). The amount of liabilities ought to represent present value of future cash outflows to which an organization would not be committed in case debentures were not issued at all. Further, liabilities usually result from the previous transactions or other previous occurrences. In this sense, description of the liabilities does not restrict the liabilities to conditions where there are some l egal obligations (Hodder, Hopkins Schipper, 2014). This means that liabilities are to be recognized in specific situation where equity dictates that an obligation to the external parties presently exists. With these considerations, this paper aims to presents the broader understanding of liabilities, how these liabilities are measured as well as some of the issues of measurement of liabilities based on the IASB framework. In addition, the paper also presents relationship that exists between measurement of the liabilities and decision useful information based on JB Hi-Fi annual report. Liabilities are usually viewed as the present obligation in a firm that might come from its previous proceedings, whose settlement is anticipated to bring about some drainage from a form of capitals symbolizing its economic benefits (Costa Guzzo, 2013). As per AISB 44, p.26 liabilities are the present obligations of an organization arising from the previous dealings, settlement of which are anticipated in resulting in outflow from an organization of the capitals symbolizing the economic welfares. As per this for liabilities, there should be anticipated future disposition of the economic welfares to the other firms, there should also be present obligations as well as the past transactions should have created some obligations. Further, definition of the liabilities does not limit liabilities to conditions where there is some legal obligations. They should be recognized in specific conditions where usual business undertaking or equity dictates that all the obligations are to be external parties. Therefore, as per AISB paragraph 4.15, subsection 28, liabilities could include obligations which are legally enforceable and obligations which are deemed as constructive and equitable. Obligations or liabilities arise from the normal business operations, desire and customer in maintaining decent operations or act in reasonable way. For instance, an organization might decide to correct errors in goods whenever these are deceptive once guarantee period expires, these sums are usually anticipated to have expended whenever products sold are liabilities. Liabilities usually result from the previous transactions or other previous occurrences (Deegan, 2016). For instance, acquisition of products and use of services provid e trade payables unless the amount is paid on delivery and receipt of the financial institution loans result in obligation to repay loans. In this sense, description of the liabilities does not restrict the liabilities to conditions where there are some legal obligations (Hodder, Hopkins Schipper, 2014). This means that liabilities are to be recognized in specific situation where equity dictates that an obligation to the external parties presently exists. Prior to issue of the AASB 13, measurement of the liabilities was mainly based on amount needed to settle present obligations. Therefore, as per AASB 13, definition of the fair value is viewed as amount repaid in transferring liabilities. In this case, measuring liabilities at fair value make assumptions that liabilities are transferred into other market paricipants at measurement date. In essence, transfer of the liabilities under AASB 13, 34 (a) assumes that liabilities remain outstanding and market transferee would be needed to fulfill all these obligations. In this case, liabilities are said to remain in existence with market participant assuming liabilities are transferred at the measurement date. In essence, liabilities are measured in numerous means based on the class of liabilities which has some direct implications for the profit reported. For instance, liabilities could be measured at fair value, present value or on amortized cost passed on type of liabilities being considered (Deegan, 2016). Liabilities are usually measured at the amortized cost unless these liabilities are needed to be measured at the fair value where an organization has chosen measuring liabilities at the fair value vial profit or loss (Henderson, Peirson, Herbohn Howieson, 2015). For instance, liabilities for salaries and wages for JB Hi-Fi are recognized in provision for the employees benefits and measured at present value. These are usually measured as the present values of the anticipated or projected future payments that have to be completed in respects of the services offered by personnel to end of reporting period. On other cases, liabilities are measured at fair value whereby it is assumed that liabilities are usually transferred to the market participant at measurement period and that nonperformance risk in relation to liabilities are assumed as being similar after and before the transfer. Thus, reporting organization should consider impacts of credit risk on fair value of liabilities in all times in which liabilities is mostly measured at the fair value. This impact might vary reliant on liabilities, for instance, whether liabilities is the obligation in delivering cash or obligation in delivering nonfinancial liabilities and terms of the credit enhancement in relation to liabilities. For instance, JB Hi-Fi liabilities are approved under AASB 13 at fair value measurements. Furthermore, liabilities are usually measured based on the original transaction value which is the historical costs (Costa Guzzo, 2013). This is the current cash equivalent or cash that is received in exchange for assuming liabilities. For instance, if JB Hi-Fi borrowed $ 2 million cash promised to repay this cash in future, liabilities for the company would be valued at around $2 million, cash received in exchange. In addition, JB Hi-Fi account payables are usually measured at contract-price whereby the amount agreed to be paid for the trade payable is paid in actual amount stated on the initial agreement (JB Hi-Fi, 2014). A crucial feature of liabilities is that an organization has present obligations. These obligations are the duties or responsibilities to perform or act in particular manner. They might be legally enforceable as consequences of statutory requirements or binding contract. The present AISB framework requires estimated of liabilities, resulting from the past occurrence and that are more likely to result in the outflow of the economic resources being treated as the liabilities (AASB, 2004). In essence, according to AISB framework, provisions for overhaul, as well as maintenance would not be taken into account as liabilities of the reporting organization due to absence of obligation to the external organization. There are few disagreements or issues on how liabilities are measured. For instance, liabilities represent bargained prices. Thus, standard of the recorded costs is usually applied on both sections of statement of the financial position. Furthermore, it is argued that amount of liabilities represent present value of future cash payments in which an organization could not be committed in case debentures are not issued (Deegan, 2016). This means that interest rate is presented as current market rate of the interest for the securities of same type. Further, there are some issues in measuring liabilities in that by measuring liabilities is usually to determine burden or weight of obligations on the statement of financial position which is deemed lowest for which obligation should be efficiently discharged. This means that liabilities are measured in a manner that is relatively attuned with measurement of the assets. Components of the AASB frameworks which have been issued give no signal of how the liabilities are to be measured. Some of the most likely techniques provided are current cost, market value and historical costs. Nonetheless, choice of measurement for liabilities has to be determined in reference to objectives or goals of the general purpose financial reporting as well as qualitative features of the financial data. Another issue in measuring liabilities is that it faces an objection to current cash equivalent technique in measuring liabilities since it is said to assume behaviors which are unlikely to take place (Deegan, 2016). In this case, the technique tends to assume that the total liabilities would be settled at end of financial reporting period whenever they are more likely to be permitted to run into maturity. In addition, measurement of liabilities covered by IASB framework particularly contingent liabilities has been quite difficult due to lack of transparency regarding nature of these contingencies and diversity in the application of accounting guideline in relation to measuring and recognizing these liabilities (Pieri, 2010). Further, measuring liabilities at fair value reflects price that would come in reasonably efficient market and provided that the prior empirical study finds support for the market efficiency being the impediment of financial distress, there is an argument that measurement of liabilities at fair value has evolved without any coherent theoretical basis, hence; there is some issues on how standard setters of IASB framework manages to operationalize these complexity of fair value measurement reflecting the efficient price. This means that measurement of liabilities at fair value lack any unified theory as it only employ some complex assumptions. Measurement of liabili ties at fair value also have some issues in that when credit risks in the liability measurement increases, the reported value of the liabilities is said to decrease, with variation in the value reported as the income statement profit. These gains or profit are said to be counterintuitive making the area of measurement of liabilities at fair value a questionable measurement approach (Costa Guzzo, 2013). Another issue in measuring liabilities is showing the impact of the own credit risks for the liabilities recognized at the fair value; that is, variation in the value as a result of variation in liabilities credit risks. This could result in some gains being recognized in the income whenever liabilities has had credit downgrade or losses being recognized when credit risk improves. This issue is problematic in case IASB had adopted a technique same to measurement and classification of the assets, where the hybrid instruments are accounted for at the fair value (Teixeira, 2014). Liabilities treatment and categorization results in any payment of instruments being treated as interests or being charged to the earnings. This might affect an organizations capacity in repaying its dividends on shares. Liabilities are recognized in the annual report whenever it is possible that drainage of the capitals symbolizing the economic welfares would arise from the payment of the current obligations and sum at which payment would take place could be measured dependably. In determining whether liabilities are in existence, actions or intentions of the management has to be taken into consideration (Beke, 2013). This implies representation or actions of an organization governing body or management, or variation in economic environment, that might directly influence actions or reasonable expectations of those outside organization, and even if they do not have any legal entitlement, they could have some other sanctions which could leave an organization with unrealistic alternati ves in making particular future sacrifice of some economic benefits. These obligations are at times referred to as the constructive or equitable obligations. In determining whether constructive or equitable obligations really exists, and thus whether liability has to be recognized in balance sheet of an organization, it is relatively tricky than identifying the legal obligations and at many instances judgment is needed in determining if constructive or equitable obligation exists (Deegan, 2016). The most important considerations is mainly on whether an organization has realistic alternatives in making any future sacrifice of the economic benefits. Liabilities are also categorized into non-current and current liabilities. The non-current liabilities comprises of those liabilities that an organization anticipate to settle after a short period from reporting date whilst current liabilities are those liabilities an organization anticipate to repay before one year ends from reporting date (Barker McGeachin, 2011). In the annual report, those liabilities categorized as non-current liabilities includes debenture and long-term debt or loans while current liabilities include bank overdraft, tax payable, trade payables as well as short-term loans. This is mainly based on liquidity expected timing of future sacrifice, level of the security of the guarantee, conditions attached to liabilities as well as source of the liabilities. Basically, in JB Hi-Fi annual report 2016, liabilities are categorized into current liabilities and non-current liabilities. In this case, current liabilities are trade and the other payables, provisions, the current tax liabilities, deferred revenue as well as other current liabilities totaling to around $1,257.2 million (JB Hi-Fi, 2014). On the other hand, non-current liabilities for JB Hi-Fi comprised of borrowings, provisions, deferred revenue as well as other non-current liabilities totaling to $555.3 million. A decision by an organizations management in acquitting assets does not give rise to the present liabilities. Instead a liability is said to arise whenever assets are delivered or an organization enter into some irrevocable agreement in acquiring assets. Therefore, liabilities could also be measured by utilizing significant degree of the approximation which is useful in decision making process (Australian Accounting Research Foundation, 1998). Further, liabilities are usually documented at sum of the profits acknowledged in exchange of obligations or at sum of the cash equivalents or cash estimated to be repaid in order to gratify liabilities in normal operations of an organization this significant in decision making information since it assist in ascertaining whether an organization in having significant amount of liabilities or not. They are also carried at undiscounted amount of cash equivalent which would be needed in settling obligations (Deegan, 2016). Basically, liabilities ar e usually logged at present discount value of the net cash outflows which is expected to be needed in settling liabilities in normal operations of the business this is significant when it comes to decision making information. This is because by measuring liabilities at present discount value the company would be getting relevant information that is crucial for decision making process. The nonperformance risks are those risks where an obligation or a liability would not be fulfilled and impacts value at which liabilities are transferred. Thus, fair value of liabilities is crucial since it indicate nonperformance risk in relation to liabilities which is crucial during decision-making process in an organization (Deegan, 2016). Furthermore, measurement of liabilities at the fair value via profit or loss is closely related in decision making information since specific liabilities are usually needed to be at the fair value via the profit or loss like liabilities held for derivatives and trading whilst others are usually measured at the amortized cost unless these liabilities has some embedded derivative or an organization elects fair value option. According to Upton (2009), liabilities are said to remain in existence and are dealt with by market participants making assumption of the liabilities transferred at the measurement period. Further, for some liabilities, it is found that observable market might exist and the quoted price might be used in measuring fair value of liabilities. Nonetheless, in case such case is not available, the assessment methods have to be utilized. The main goal of using fair value measurement for liabilities when applying valuation methods is to appraise price which would be repaid in transferring liabilities in between the market players at measurement period under the current market situations. Therefore, in all scenarios, an organization has to maximize utilization of the most significant observable inputs as well as minimize utilization of the unobservable inputs. In other cases, measuring of liabilities is help as the assets by other firms which is useful in decision making of an organization. F or instance, loans are recognized by JB Hi-Fi as debts, where the measurement of these loans is mostly at fair value and is computed from perspective of the market player which holds identical items as the asset at the measurement date (JB Hi-Fi, 2014). These are also crucial for decision making since they help in evaluating the liquidity level of JB Hi-Fi where the total value of its liabilities or debts is related with its total assets in order to obtain total debt to assets ratios which is used in evaluating long-term solvency level of the company. In addition, measurement of liabilities is related to decision making information since it provide useful information on how an organization use to repay its liabilities which is crucial in decision making. Conclusion In conclusion, liabilities are usually viewed as the present obligation in a firm that might come from its previous proceedings, whose payment is anticipated or anticipated to bring about some drainage from a firm of capitals symbolizing its economic benefits. They represent bargained prices or standard of the recorded costs applying on both side of statement of the financial position in an organization. This means that liabilities are to be recognized in specific situation where equity dictates that an obligation to the external parties presently exists. Further, it can be concluded that there are numerous disagreements on how liabilities are measured. This is based on the fact liabilities could be measured at fair value, present value or on amortized cost passed on type of liabilities being considered. For instance, in our case, liabilities on salaries and wages payables for JB Hi-Fi are recognized in provision for the employees benefits and measured at fair value. There are few di sagreements or issues on how liabilities are measured. For instance, liabilities represent bargained prices. Thus, standard of the recorded costs is usually applied on both sections of statement of the financial position. Furthermore, it is can be concluded that amount of liabilities represent present value of future cash payments in which an organization could not be committed in case debentures are not issued. Further, there are some issues in measuring liabilities in that by measuring liabilities is usually to determine burden or weight of obligations on the statement of financial position which is deemed lowest for which obligation should be efficiently discharged. This means that liabilities are measured in a manner that is relatively attuned with measurement of the assets. Another issue in measuring liabilities is that it faces an objection to current cash equivalent technique in measuring liabilities since it is said to assume behaviors which are unlikely to take place. References AASB, F. (2004). Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. AASB (AASB). Australian Accounting Research Foundation (AARF), (1998). Measurement in Financial Accounting, Accounting Theory Monograph, AARF, Melbourne, p. 36. Barker, R., McGeachin, A. (2011). The recognition and measurement of liabilities in IFRS. Beke, J. (2013). International Accounting Standardization. Chartridge Books Oxford. Clor-Proell, S., Koonce, L., White, B. (2015). How do financial statement users evaluate hybrid financial instruments?. Costa, M., Guzzo, G. (2013). Fair value accounting versus historical cost accounting: A theoretical framework for judgement in financial crisis. Corporate Ownership Control, 11(1), 146-152. Deegan, C., (2016). Australian Financial Accounting, 8th edition, North Ryde : McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 9781743764022 (pbk) Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015). Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hodder, L., Hopkins, P., Schipper, K. (2014). Fair value measurement in financial reporting. Foundations and Trends in Accounting, 8(3-4), 143-270. JB Hi-Fi. (2014). JB Hi-Fi annual report 2014; Retrieved at 8th May 2017 from; https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/J/ASX_JBH_2014.pdf Pieri, V. (2010). The relevance and the dynamics of goodwill values under IAS/IFRS: empirical evidences from the 2005-2009 consolidated financial statements of the major companies listed in Italy. Teixeira, A. (2014). The International Accounting Standards Board and evidence-informed standard-setting. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), 5-12. Upton Jr, W. S. (2009). Credit risk in liability measurement. Staff paper accompanying Discussion Paper DP, 2.