Exploring the Role of Women in Mexico in Like Water For Chocolate Essay

Like Water For Chocolate by Laura Esquivel explains womens lineaments in northern Mexico during the turn of the nineteenth century. The novel takes place in northern Mexico on a family ranch where many family traditions are carried out. Also, the novel describes some of the typical foods that were prepared and fiestas that were celebrated in the Mexican culture around this time. However, the novel generally focuses on the roles of females in Mexican society at that time. The novel goes beyond explaining womens roles and also explains what took place in the Mexican family. Throughout the novel, readers learn the role of mothers, the conflict between personal desires and tradition, and typical foods, celebrations, and family traditions that were important to a Mexican family. The background of an author plays a significant role in the reason he or she writes a novel. The story is often written about his or her culture. Laura Esquivel, a novelist, teacher, and screenwriter, was born in Mexico City, Mexico. Laura Esquivel was born the third of four children to a conservative family. The biography of Laura Esquivel from The Biography Channel website states that, Laura Esquivel often explores the relationship between men and women in Mexico in her work it is obvious by the way Esquivel describes the traditional roles of two men and women in Mexico that her background played a large part in her work (Laura Esquivel). Laura Esquivels novels are still loved and cherished forthwith due to her creative flair and style in her work (Laura Esquivel). Laura Esquivel found her inspiration for her novel from her personal experience and hands on time in the kitchen. In writings of Developing Nations for Students, there is a section regar... ... Luis Alberto Vargas. n.p. Westport, Conn. Greenwood Press, 2005., 2005. Tri-County Tech Colleges Catalog. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.Mujica, Barbara. Like Water for Chocolate, (book review). Americas 45.4 (July-Aug. 1993) 60. Rpt. in Lite rature of Developing Nations for Students Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Literature of Developing Nations. Ed. Elizabeth Bellalouna, Michael L. LaBlanc, and Ira Mark Milne. Vol. 2. Detroit Gale Group, 2000. Literature Resource Center. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.Salisbury, Joyce E. and Andrew E Kersten. Eras / 20th one C Latin America / Family Life in 20th Century Latin America. Daily Life through History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.Standish, Peter, Steven M. Bell. Social Life, Leisure, and Food. Culture and Customs of Mexico. Santa Barbara, CA Greenwood, 2004. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Web. 5 Feb 2014.

Response to Goerge Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers

Upon my reading of the novel 1984, I was fascinated by George Orwells vision of the future. Orwell describes a world so extreme that a question comes to mind, asking what would encourage him to write such a novel. 1984 took place in the future, but it seemed like it was happening in the past. George Orwell was born in 1903 and died in 1950 he has seen the horrific tides of World War and . As I got deeper into this novel I began to see similar events of world history built into 1984. The main liaison I byword in this book that brought me back to historical events, was the control of people for corrupt and selfish purposes. At the end of World War japan began to capture areas in Asia and the Pacific that had valuable materials such as coconut copra, rubber and quartz. The inhabitants of captured territories where more or less given the status of slaves. I saw the same events taking place in 1984 wars were being fought in disputed areas which contain valuable goods, but the main r eason for war was for cheap slave labor. When Winston and Julia are in Mr. Charringtons room Julia brings out a surprise Its real tea. Not blackberry leaves. Theres been a hoi polloi of tea about lately. Theyve captured India, or something, (1) Oceania is a world where quantity is more important than quality and quality goods are hard to get a deferral of because it is reserve for greedy inner party members. Another instance of a concept that brings me back to historical events is the strong connection between the Oceanian society and the German Nazi society. After World War Germany was still in a stage of depression, Adolf Hitler promised a way out. So he began his brainwashing campaign and use saddle speakers and radio broadcasting. He started destroying books that opposed his views and murdered people that stood in his way to power. To keep control over society the inner party in any case used the same tactics. They formed a secret organization (known as the brotherhood) to stop any treat to the party. And built departments (Ministry of Love, Truth and Plenty) to keep the party in power, the party even eliminates or re-writes parts of history if needed. During World War communication improved, Hitler came to power by using communication he used load speakers, radio broadcasting and slogans to promote his views.

Feminism in Chaucer’s Wife of Bath Essay -- Wife of Bath Essays

Women in the medieval times were cast into very distinct roles. There was a strict code of conduct that was followed. They were to be submissive to their husbands and follow their lead. A fair sexs place was also in the home and the responsibilities of cooking, cleaning, sewing, etc. fell into their domain. Women who deviated from these cultural-set norms made for interesting characters. Chaucers utilize of women and their overstepping their boundaries and typical roles in society make them most memorable.Most of the gender expectations stemmed from the Church and biblical history. There were many anti-feminist feelings due to Eve causation the fall of Man. Women were perceived to be responsible for most of the suffering to man, and were therefore inferior and to be dominated by their husbands and men in general. The courtly gentlewoman of medieval poetry has much in common with the images of the Virgin (Martin xiv). Chastity, purity, and holiness, were all associated with th e expectations of women from role models such as the Virgin Mary type-cast women into a saintly role. Becaexercising women were eyeshot to have caused so much suffering on behalf of mankind, they were to be controlled, held in check and not exhibit any outward signs of defiance or botheration for themselves. Their purpose in life was to serve others at their own expense.There were typical male traits, and these had a more(prenominal) positive connotation to them. In the interest list of terms, the first are meant to be masculine and the second to be feminine limit and unlimited, odd and even, one and plurality, right and left, male and female, resting and moving, straight and curved, aerial and darkness, good and bad, square and oblong (Cox 8). The more desired traits like the obvious light and good, were saved for the traditional male. These ideas stem from the Aristotelian paradigm, and are tenacious with gender roles in Chaucers world. The Wife of Bath was expected to have the feminine traits, but she would not accept that. Why should the positive traits be reserved only for men? Being born a woman should not automatically exempt a woman from being cast into a more positive position within society.What makes Chaucers characters so unique and unforgettable is that he cast them outside of these roles. Bordering on the controversial but lightened by his use of humor, his characters... ...f Bath, we see an individual who is willing to express that idea. Her courage to defy the traditional concepts as set by her peers does not intimidate her, and she boldly stands up for what she believes in, public or not. Another strong feminist aspect to her is that she feels no need to be justified or have approval for her decisions and lifestyle. Just because she is a woman does not limit her choices in her life, and neither her gender nor her decisions make her inferior. Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale. The No rton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. 7th ed. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 2001. Cox, Catherine S. Gender and lecture in Chaucer. Florida University Press of Florida,1997. Hallissy, Margaret. Clean Maids, True Wives, Steadfast Widows Chaucers Women and Medieval Codes of Conduct. Westport, Ct Greenwood Press, 1993. Jennings, Patrick. Online Webct posting. 18 April 2004. Mann, Jill. Feminizing Chaucer. Cambridge D.S. Brewer, 2002.Martin, Priscilla. Chaucers Women Nuns, Wives and Amazons. London TheMacmillan Press Ltd, 1990.

Indian Ghost Story Essay -- essays research papers

It was February in the year 1991 when I had my experience with a ghost. I was 17 years old at the time. One Saturday evening in Phoenix, my high school was having a basketball game, and afterward my cousin and I left the school gymnasium at almost 10 p.m.My cousin is from Tohono Odham, and I was going to sp pole the weekend with my aunts family. Like myself, my aunt is Yaqui. She married a Tohono Odham populace some years ago and had ii kids. One is my cousin.We got on Interstate 10 and then switched on to South Highway 15 for the drive to the townspeople of Sells on the Tohono Odham Reservation. About 40 minutes into our drive, we were deep in the desert.Because my car needed new tires, I had to drive just below the swiftness limit. The treads were just closely completely worn out. I guess I had the type of car that we Indians call an Indian car. It was a pretty beat-up looking at car, but it got me where I wanted to go.Anyway, there we were, campaign in the middle of the des ert with the CD player going, and the darkness all around. Suddenly, a large javelina crossed the road, and I hit that wild pig with a big old bang I didnt have time to think about stepping on the brakes, because one second there was just the road before us, and the next there was this javelina.I knew we had some big trouble with the car, because the radiator began to hiss, and steam began gushing out. I immediately drove to the side of the road and stopped the car to check on the damage. Sure enough, that animal had hit the front grill head-on, and a piece of metal had punctured my cars radiator. Directly behind the car in the darkness e could hear the pig loudly squealing. It was a weird experience to be alone at night in the desert and to hear ... ...e before dawn, we were awakened by a truck with two guys who were headed for Sells. They sure did give us a good scare when they knocked on the cars window, but soon we were introducing ourselves, and they offered to take us home. The guys told us they were artists driving from California. They were on a photography trip, taking pictures of the desert and Indians for an art project. We tied one end of a rope to the back of their truck and the other end to the front of our car, and they towed us home.We never mentioned our experience with the ghost the night before. But when we did get home that morning, we told my aunt and her family everything. Everyone agreed that what we had experienced was the ghost of an Indian from the temperament world. Since my encounter with that ghost, Ive decided, if at all possible, never to drive at night through the desert again.

Spread of Christianity Among People Groups Essay -- Research Papers Ge

Spread of Christianity Among People Groups From the very beginning times of Christianity, its message has identified with and transformed communities of people. Christianity itself grew come forth of a people group who had an identity that stretches back in time thousands of years. The worship of Yahweh, geographically born in ancient Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) has spread by means of history to the farthest islands of the seas. Born into the people of Israel, Jesus gathered a small group of followers living and working with them until his ascension to heaven. From these few, the Christian doctrine spread to other Jews in Israel and the further reaches of the Roman Empire, including parts of southern europium and Southwest Asia. As Christianity was later adopted by the Roman Empire, overmuch of Europe became the focus of conquest for Roman Christianity, though much of this was due in part to the fall of Western Rome. Rome and beyondJusto L. Gonzalez documents this spread of Ch ristianity into Europe through the avenue of Romes influence. He quotes from a Roman Citizen, Paulus Orosius who condenses this historical phenomenon into his own words. He thoughtfully writes, If only to this end have the barbarians been send within Roman borders,that the church of Christ might be filled with Huns and Suevi, with Vandals and Burgundians, with diverse and innumerable peoples of believers, then let Gods mercy be praisedeven if this has taken place through our own destruction.(1, p231) The various people groups documented by Gonzalez are primarily groups who claim a common cultural and political identity in the form of a kingdom. These were at times conversions of coercion through political structures and at times conversions of conveni... ...cepted the gospel. Some of these groups have both made the mistake of claiming the Christian religion as their own, while others have sought to make it their own. Rather, the truth is that the gospel becomes yours when you sha re it with another. (3) Works Cited1. Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity. San Francisco harpist Publishing, 1984. 2. Winter, Ralph D. Hawthorne, Steven. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement. Pasadena, CA The Paternoster Press LTD, 1992. 3. Coptic church, http//pharos.bu.edu/cn/, (5/6/99) 4. Frumentius, http//www.catholic.org/saints/saints/frumentius.html, (5/6/99) 5. Vikings, http//www.csn.net/advent/cathen/11115b.htm, (5/6/99) 6. Crusades, http//orb.rhodes.edu/encyclop/religion/crusades/Crusade.html, (5/6/99) 7. St. Patrick, http//wilstar.com/holidays/patrick.htm, (5/6/99)

Spread of Christianity Among People Groups Essay -- Research Papers Ge

Spread of Christianity Among People Groups From the very beginning times of Christianity, its message has set with and transformed communities of people. Christianity itself grew out of a people group who had an identity that stretches back in time thousands of years. The worship of Yahweh, geographically born in ancient Mesopotamia (modern mean solar day Iraq) has spread through history to the farthest islands of the seas. Born into the people of Israel, Jesus gathered a small group of followers living and working with them until his hike to heaven. From these few, the Christian faith spread to other Jews in Israel and the further reaches of the Roman Empire, including parts of southern Europe and Southwest Asia. As Christianity was later adopted by the Roman Empire, much of Europe became the focus of conquest for Roman Christianity, though much of this was due in part to the fall of Western Rome. Rome and beyondJusto L. Gonzalez documents this spread of Christianity into Europe through the avenue of Romes influence. He quotes from a Roman Citizen, Paulus Orosius who condenses this historical phenomenon into his own words. He thoughtfully writes, If only to this residuum have the barbarians been sent within Roman borders,that the church of Christ might be filled with Huns and Suevi, with Vandals and Burgundians, with diverse and innumerable peoples of believers, then let Gods mercy be praisedeven if this has taken place through our own destruction.(1, p231) The various people groups documented by Gonzalez are primarily groups who claim a common ethnic and political identity in the form of a kingdom. These were at times conversions of coercion through political structures and at times conversions of conveni... ...cepted the gospel. any(prenominal) of these groups have either made the mistake of claiming the Christian religion as their own, while others have sought to make it their own. Rather, the truth is that the gospel becomes yours when you share it w ith another. (3) work Cited1. Gonzalez, Justo L. The Story of Christianity. San Francisco Harper Publishing, 1984. 2. Winter, Ralph D. Hawthorne, Steven. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement. Pasadena, CA The Paternoster Press LTD, 1992. 3. Coptic church, http//pharos.bu.edu/cn/, (5/6/99) 4. Frumentius, http//www.catholic.org/saints/saints/frumentius.html, (5/6/99) 5. Vikings, http//www.csn.net/advent/cathen/11115b.htm, (5/6/99) 6. Crusades, http//orb.rhodes.edu/encyclop/religion/crusades/Crusade.html, (5/6/99) 7. St. Patrick, http//wilstar.com/holidays/patrick.htm, (5/6/99)

V for Vendetta

Brainwashed or Truly Embraced? V for Vendetta By Alan Moore and David Lloyd 16. Was Evey brainwashed by V or did she truly embrace Vs ideals A puerile girl saved by V slice she became involved with a gang of Londons secrete police while looking for a way to escape her social, economical and emotional needs. Thats how Alan Moore and David Lloyd introduce Evey Hammond, a fictional character and single of the protagonists of the comic book series V for Vendetta. Growing up on Shooters Hill in s come onheasterly London, she lost both her parents, and was struck by poverty.Trying to escape poverty she became a prostitute at only 16 years old. When she approached her first potential customer, which happens to be a Finger existence, a member of Norsefires secret police the man tried to rape her, but she was saved by a mysterious man in a Guy Fawkes clothe and black cloak, which calls himself V. Being a naive young women, Evey falls for this V character and from that day on shows what c ould be questioned as a brainwashed by V, or a loyal follower of his unique ideals.If we divide the book into three different sections, we can regard how Evy Hammond changes her point of view towards V ideals byout the comic book. At the beginning we can see how she wasnt totally convinced by his ideals, way of manipulating and bed cover his thoughts but was facilitate loyal to him even though she stayed at his house for convenience and protection rather than for loyalty. Since V appeared and saved her from those Fingerman, Evey showed an expression of gratefulness and time out him.In page 11, panel 3,8-9, we see how sad, nervous and lost she felt in the presence of the secrete police thanks to the sexual tension between them. after V appears in page 12, panel 6 we see how Evey expression changes, showing relief and emotional stability compared to her previous face expressions and gestures. Even though she realizes what she is leaving behind, she doesnt think its valuable enoug h to turn down V? s proposal about going to live with him even though she knows she might be getting involved with a potential terrorist. When she arrives to V? s ? house? he had an idea of what kind of person V was and still didnt fear or ran away as a regular 16 year old girl would have done. In page 18, panel 25 we can perceive she was in her comfort zone regardless of the situation she was passing through. The act of staying not only shows us the fast loyalty and gratefulness she feels towards V, but the desperation in which Evey was before being saved by him. As time starts passing, Alan Moore and David Lloyd, starts to modify Evey Hamond character, revealing a doubtful, confound side, which the readers did not know of.This personality trait is reflected when she doubts about Vs person under the masked, having the bravery to ask him if he might be her father. through and through the second thirds of the book we see how Evey loyalty start to increase each time regardless of th e physical or psychological distance that is between these two characters. When she is kicked out of The Shadow Gallery, she is left in the streets with nothing but Vs memory, because who thought they were going to see each other in a not so far away future?She goes to a friends house who gives her a place to sleep, food, and comfort, which is more likely what a teenage girl needs. Around this time was that we started to notice the strong connection there was between these two characters. Even after he had the nerve to kick her out she was still loyal to V, this is the point where we start to believe its a true loyalty instead than a game of manipulation and brainwashing as Vs common games. In page 124, panel 7-9 we see how even in a daily basis, she keeps thinking of him even though she tries to bury or forget it.When V captures Evy, someone who supposedly he loves, he tortures her physically and psychologically, until her breaking point. When asked to testify against V, her loya lty was so pure and profound, that she preferred to reveal for him that to say the reality of where he was hiding. Distracted and brainwashed by the emotional weight of Valeries story (pg 154,panel 6), we question again if her loyalty is pure or if it might be one of V tricks. If her loyalty was all a mind game, V was managing to do a great job do to the incident that not everyone would risk his/her life to say no words about the location of a terrorist.V keeps Evy locked up until she is tortured and manipulated to the extreme where she at long last sees justice through V? s point of view. When she does, she is finally allowed back to the Shadow Gallery. Using such extremes to convince Evy of his perspective makes the reader question, once and for all if she is brainwashed or truly follows his ideals. Reaching the conclusion of truly embracing his ideals thanks to her strong determination about dying instead than revealing about her sentimental partner.When she is finally free fr om the cell, she embraces V ideals completely, to the extent that she even plans to execute his cruel plan, and to respect his death wishes about leaving his mask on regardless of his state. The moment one is completely sure about this loyalty is in my own favorite panel, located in page 251panel 8, a panel full of symbols that convey a unique message to each reader. Mimicking V? s smile, this final panel, close to the end demonstrate that even though Evy Hamond might not have believed in V? ideals at the beginning of the book, she grew to adopt them as if they were of her own. She got so involved in her new life living with the guy in the Guy Fawkes mask that she forgot her complete identity thanks to his manipulation, torture and charm. Giving V the tranquility of dying knowing that the idea survived his death rather than dying with him. 1 . effectiveness terrorist, considering the fact he just blew up the House of Parliament in her presence.

Impressions of an Indian Childhood Essay

Impressions of an Indian Childhood and The School Days of an Indian Girl What is Gertrude Bonnin complaining about? Is she even complaining? She got to go to shallow and get an education for free. She even went on to go to college. Very few white Americans could say that in those days, much less Native Americans. Even nowadays a free ride through college is a rare occurrence. Of course she experienced a few hardships along the way. Learning a new lyric was definitely a challenge for her in the beginning, although one she overcame quite well (after all, she did win an oratorical contest at her college). Living by the rules of a unalike culture was another challenge for her.But she eventually became accustomed to the new ways and she learned how to adjust. And of course she went through many years of discrimination and persecution, exclusively because of the fact that she is a Native American. But in the long run, wall the challenges she overcame helped to improve herself as an in dividual and as a representative of a culture. We essential all go through hard times and face many difficult challenges in our lives if we want to make a better life for ourselves. As long as there are different races, racism will always exist. People like Gertrude Bonnin who can overcome racism and discrimination by succeeding in the white mans world, are the people who help others like them be accepted in our culture.

Macbeth Where Events Are Shaped by Ambition and Madness Essay

Of the many William Shakespeares famous playwright, Macbeth is one that challenges characters sanity with their pipe dream for power. Ambition is a theme that is earlier established in the play where the desire for power and status consumes Macbeth upon hearing the witches prophecy. Lady Macbeth, too, desires for power a longside her economise. However, her wrongdoing everyplacecomes her with fear and guilt, which strips her away from her sanity. This also destroys the remnant relationship that both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth had as their lives are dictated by fear. Therefore, the takes in this play are shaped by the characters whose ambition leads them to lose their morality, and later(prenominal) to be imprisoned in their own insaneness.Macbeth is an ambitious man by nature, and was known to be valiant and brave, however, he is later referred to as a tyrant as his crave for power overcomes his sense of morality. Macbeths ambition is apparent when he hears the witches prophecy , all hail Macbeth, thou shalt be king future tense, to which he later commands stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more. This change in Macbeths personality sparks the first signs of ambition he has to become king, and Banquo notices this, quoting tactual sensation, how our colleagues rapt. This in effect can be said to be the catalyst to Macbeth murdering Duncan for his title of King of Scotland. Because of this, Macbeth lives in constant fear of being overthrown, and his madness to hold power over everyone else is illustrated through the spying of every lord. Theres not one but in his house, I keep a servant feed. Consequently, Lady Macbeth also suffers her wrongdoings, and in her madness, she leads herself to her own tragedy.Lady Macbeth can be said to be even more ambitious than her husband in the beginning, but as the guilt of her actions overcomes her, she takes her own life in defeat. In the first few scenes of introduction to Lady Macbeth, she can be seen to long for st atus and wills for her senses to be unnerved for what crime she is to commit. Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty This desperation in Lady Macbeth goes to show the immense greed she has for power and can also be seen when she advices Macbeth, To beguile the time, look like the time. Bear welcome in your eye, your hand, your tongue. Look like th innocent flower, but be the serpent undert. Although Lady Macbeth acts so spitefully, her conscience still prevails in that she is unable to sleep at night but relives the nightmare the murder. Heres the smell of blood still. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. The fear that has consumed Lady Macbeth influenced the event in which she takes her own life.Ambition and madness enclosed on both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is the cause for their drifting relationship, to the point where they are incapable of showing emotion towards ea ch other. On the night of the murder, madness seeps into Lady Macbeth as she imagines sounds of the night. I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Macbeth, on the other hand imagines voices, One cried divinity bless us and Amen the other, as they had seen me with these hangmans hands, marking one of the many occasions in which the killing has affected his and his wifes noetic state. In the progression of the play, Macbeth quotes Direness, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts cannot once start me implying that he has feared too much to fear anything at all.This lack of emotion is also seen when he discovers about Lady Macbeths death, responding with no sense of care or love towards his wife. She should have died hereafter there would have been a time for such a word. All this contrasts with the relationship Macbeth and Lady Macbeth had at the start where they regarded each other as My dearest love. Their relationship had been bound to suffer as their ambition was too great fo r their ability to cope with guilt and fear, shaping many unfortunate events in the play.Shakespeares highly regarded playwright, Macbeth, has not only explored the destructions of over ambition but also leads into the consequences of the characters emotional and mental state. Ambition in characters, in particular Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, has shaped the events which ended both their lives as they were corrupt with terror and madness. Not only have their actions driven them to insanity but have also destroyed their relationship, which was left meaningless to both in the end. Therefore, ambition and madness in Macbeth and Lady Macbeth has shaped the events which resulted in the tragedy of their death.

Poor Prince Hamlet Essay

The dearly depressed Prince settlement, featured in William Spakespeares Hamlet, reveals his truthful and deeper feelings of mourning and grief for himself and his incur but also the hatred and revulsion masked beneath his quick and unkind words, directed more to his acquire and Claudius. Hamlet, creation the only person to see through to the true character of Claudius, dares to question as to why his mother would betray him and his poor (1, 2, 48) dead father. For this reason, Hamlets vile words of truth are spoken because of the wrong doing of his mother leading to deeper devastation and despair for the red ink of his father.Consequently, the result of the death of Hamlet Sr., the father of Hamlet Jr. and former King of Denmark, would be true misery and heartbreak for the so excellent king (1, 2, 139) that he once knew. To begin with, Hamlet grieve over the loss putting it upon himself to commit self-slaughter (1, 2, 132) seeing as how the world is turning to be an unweeded garden (1, 2, 135), as Denmark is falling apart sooner him. Similarly, the new addition to his family is to blame for the inner and outer conflicts submerging within Hamlet causing question to his life. Gertrude also generates an increase of stress and grieve for the loss of his father particularly because of the remarriage.After Hamlet realizes that he cannot bear to live with such arrangements of having worse than a beast (1, 2, 150) for a mother and a sordid king that is no more to my (his) father than I (he) to Hercules (1, 2, 152-153), he begins to construct a conclusion that is it is not he who is at fault but his mother. In particular Hamlet recurs within the month (1, 2, 145) (1, 2, 153) representing the time period of Hamlet Sr. death but also the time period of when the marriage of Gertrude and Claudius occurred.The twin of the time period supports the reason of Hamlets theory being that, although his mothers earlier cries were all tears (1, 2, 149), her cries are of m ost unrighteous tears, because the sorrow she utters is insincere. Further more, Hamlet claims, Frailty, thy produce is woman (1, 2, 146) and his mother include, that all woman are weak, being that she does not have the capability to be a widow and have human feelings of sorrow and grief. He also makes a referral to his mothers grieve comparing her to a beast that wants discourse of reason and how it would have mournd long-term than she, representing the short episode of lament.All in all, the dear Prince Hamlet remains in his sorrowful and depressed state from the works of his more than beastly mother and newly wed, within the month of Hamlet Sr. death (1, 2, 145) (1, 2, 153), step father/king controlling his raw emotion of despair and hurt for his admit blood father.

Food storage and preparation for babies Essay

What is your understanding of the term Balanced viandsThis term is often used in connection with healthy eating and means a diet that has sufficient nutrients in the right quantitites for children and adults. The Eatwell plate shows the five categories of nutrients. To be considered balanced all meals, snacks and drinks taken throughout the day, when considered as a total package essential povide children with sufficient nutrients.How do you educate the children in your care about healthy eating?We dont specifically educate the children in our care about healthy eating as we are not open all day long. However, the snacks that are avail competent to the children are always healthy snacks such as fruit. We also advocate children to take one piece of food at a time to enable us to monitor portion control and encourage the children to stop when they feel that they put on had enough. Any children who are fussy eaters are encouraged to sit with their friends and try things that their friends are eating. We are always on the picket for children with food phobias or if any child never wants to have a snack so that we can speak with their parent/carer to ensure that they are able to seek further guidance if required. If we ever have food that would not be considered healthy such as cake, biscuits, ice-lollies, it is always very clearly state that the children are having a special treat that day and the children are always encouraged to play an active game (outside if possible).Explain how to store expressed bureau milk safely according to health and safety guidelines In our setting we dont deal with young babies so dont have to store expressed breast milk, but if we did the department of health recommends the following guidelines for storageUp to 5 days in the main part of a electric refrigerator, at 4 degrees celcius or lower up to 2 weeks in the freezer compartment of a fridgeup to 6 months in a municipal freezer, at minus 18 degrees celcius or lower.Breast milk that has been frozen can be defrosted in the fridge. It can then be served straight from the fridge rather than warmed.

Fahrenheit 451 Essay

Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451 Synthesis Essay In the book Fahrenheit 451, author Ray Bradbury describes a futuristic society in which it is normal for an average individual to shun and absolutely loathe books. The main character, Guy Montag, works as a fireman, and his job description consists of burning books kind of of preventing fires. video is a major topic in this book, and for the most part, is portrayed as an extremely obsessive and deleterious item.Today, in American society however, goggle box is a much more positive thing, and has a lot to contribute to a healthy, connected, and well informed society. In American society, television can action lives instead of destroying them. Tim Leberecht, a well-reputed blogger and columnist, proclaims, studies indicate enormous potential for TV to serve as a health educator (Leberecht). Television provides us with information virtually how to keep better health in an interesting and effective way. By using drama and popular culture references, TV educates us ab turn up health concerns and ways to prevent them.Bradbury obviously does not realize this aspect of television when he states on page 21, If we had a fourth wall, why itd be like this room wasnt ours at all, but all kind of exotic peoples rooms (Bradbury 21). Montags wife, Mildred, tries to convince Guy to redeem her a fourth TV wall, which would completely enclose her in a contrive TV valet de chambre. In reality, however, people make much more out of TV than in this fake, futuristic society. Television directly has transformed into a machine that can make us grasp and learn difficult items with ease. TV can make us smarter (as it) contains multi threaded storylines featuring fifteen or more characters, states www. design question. com (Leberecht). These complexities in plot make us think extensively and outside the box, and excite our minds to the limits of our computing aptitude. Unfortunately for the natives of the futuristic society in Fahren heit 451, television only contains useless information that drives viewers to forget information about their families. When did we encounter? And where? Montag asks his wife (Bradbury 42).TV has driven them to forget about the people that live in their own homes, as it depicted as a very negative concept. In our modern day television, however, we have the ability to understand and comprehend complicated ideas as a family, and serves to unite rather than disperse families through the art of learning. Television breaks down barriers and taps into our better selves. Tim Leberecht pronounces that After the 1965 Watts Riots, CBS Journalist Joe Saltzman produced Black on Black, a documentary about what it means to be black in Los Angeles (Leberecht).Television series, documentaries, and movies succor to break down barriers and restrictions between race, gender, color, and creed, and make us knowledgeable about the fact that everyone is created equally in these measures. Without the aid of TV, many important movements around the world would not have taken place. A study conducted by Hollywood, Health & Society, shows that viewers of the episode (of CBS show Numb3rs on an organ donation storyline) were more promising to become registered organ donors (Leberecht). Television informs us about ways that we can better ourselves as well as help others.On page 20 of Fahrenheit 451, Mildred memorizes the simplistic and useless storylines of the television shows she watches (Bradbury 20). On the other hand, in the real world we have many TV programs where we can learn and apply the serious things to do in life, instead of committing to memory the ways to respond to a fake TV family and life. Television brings family and friends together in ways that make everyone happen comfortable and entertained. Televised events like the Super Bowl, the Olympics and the World Cup give us a rare opportunity to share a moment in conviction with the world, proclaims Tim Leberecht of ww w. esignmind. com (Leberecht). With our busy lives, we almost never take out time to spend with our loved ones, and these televised events are when the majority of people meet up and have fun. Millie? Does the sinlessness Clown love you? Does your family love you, love you with all their heart and soul, Millie? Montag asks Mildred (Bradbury 77). Guy Montag is questioning his wife out of desperation, and is extremely curious to know if she believes that her fake TV family really loves her. From this we can see that he is truly disappointed with life and his wifes immoral addiction to television.We must keep in mind that our society today is not as dumbed down and obsessed with fake parlor shows that spread real, tangible people apart as Mildred is. TV today is a source of knowledge and learning, and creates the perfect circumstances and settings for the getting together of the people that really matter the most. One of the most important aspects of television is its ability to stre ngthen democracy and teach the law. Seventy-two percent (of the US population) learn about elections and candidates from TV news, states www. designmind. om (Leberecht). TV brings us information that is essential to maintaining our freedom and our guaranteed rights. It in like manner provides us with news about the world, and of countries that have strayed off the path of democracy and the consequences that they are forced to endure through because of that. The search is over, Montag is dead a iniquity against society has been avenged, claims the TV news anchor in Fahrenheit 451 (Bradbury 149). In reality, Guy is still alive and on the loose, but the news gives out fake information to the population.The news in Montags society is just a source of propaganda, instead of the true, insightful, informative, un-biased news we have broadcasting 24/7 in the modern day United States. Television saves lives, empowers health, makes us smarter, breaks down barriers, makes us better people, b rings loved ones together, and strengthens democracy. TV is clearly a force that informs, entertains, and makes us the scoop that we can possibly be every single day. Works Cited Leberecht, Tim. 10 Reasons Why TV Is Good For You. Design Mind. 27 July 2010. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. untested York Simon and Schuster, 1967. Print.

Naturalism in Jack Londons “To Build a Fire” Essay

Even with our ability to tame some sides of genius, there are still accredited conditions and forces which are beyond control we inevitably are left with no exit, agentless ag personalst reputations indifferent influence. This struggle against nature is depicted by many authors of the 19th and early 20th centuries, victimisation key concepts of indwellingism and determinism, a key comp wiznt of natural scientist theory, as a foundation and doctrine for many of these stories. horseshit capital of the United Kingdom and Stephen Crane are notorious for their writings which have been regarded as cornerst wizs of naturalist theory in classic Ameri jakes literature. Stories such as to Build a drop, The Bride Comes to yellow Sky, convey themes of naturalism and universal determinism in golf-club to show the protagonists neediness of free will in his constant battle with nature, often foreshadowing catastrophe and displaying natural consciousness found inside each grapheme. In th eory of Naturalism, nature holds certain precepts that up to now our own will and integrity cannot bend or break. Charles Darwin, creator of the theory of evolution, believed in patterns of natural selection and that over period our environment will shape our genetics. Even we as humans, in Darwin theory, are susceptible to change as we have no free will and our environment shapes and determine things for us.We in speculation have no control over our own fates we altogether have choices that will lead us towards a certain future, ace that is decided by nature, and not the individual. In the composition, To Build a Fire, London makes us aware that the protagonist is completely unaware of that notion, he believes with his own determination and will he can conquer the deepest hardships of the wild, attempting to defy the words spoken to him by the old man at Sulphur Creek. The adventurer simply believes through his own resolve that this expedition is simply an obstacle to which he can survive, and when cook against nature in this environment, survival is the key concept, a profound element when talking somewhat Naturalism. The forces of nature and its destructiveness are beyond the protagonists control, and London makes that point when he talks intimately the cold and its effects on the explorer, saying But, rub as he would, the instant he stop his cheekbones were dull, and the following instant the end of his nose went numb.(London, pg 1064) though the man, through his own determination, attempts to warm himself by attrition his cheeks and the end of his nose with his mitten, he is unable to fulfill this desire, as nature takes hold of his destiny.This sense that nature prevails can also be read in lines such as He pulled the mitten on the decently hand, and beat it fiercely against his knee (London, pg 1064) He is essentially fighting, savagely, against nature though is unable to triumph. It is somewhere mingled with his spittle freezing and his f ace forming frostbite that the man should come to some conclusion about his pop out in nature. Yet as London described before, his inability to recognize the significance of nature and her power puts him in an awful position. His conceit will continue to lead him towards a desolate and bleak future, until lastly he will become helpless and feeble amongst the supremacy of nature. It is important to note that the first nonessential sprung on to the char encounterer in this story is passed off as something of bad percentage, He cursed his luck aloud(London, pg 1063 ). The word luck whether bad or good, implicates his lack of free will, luck is something not controlled by him, as suggested by the naturalist theory. It is even more important to take note of phrasing utilize in his second and well-nigh devastating contingency.London uses the phrase, It was his own fault or, rather his mistake(London, pg 1062) when describing the role when the spruce tree collapses onto his final ch ances for survival. London follows fault with mistake in order to convey to the subscriber that his fault would mean him bearing responsibility, rather it is past stated as a mistake, meaning an incident a bit more outside of his control. In the naturalist theory there are choices, but all choices lead towards certain shape futures. The man made the ill-fated decision to build his raise chthonic the tree shrouded in tons of reversal, just as all through the story he has been continually attempting to overcome natures wrath throughout the story. His conceit had caught up with him as nature took control of the mistake and extinguished his further chances of making it out alive. Survival as mentioned before is a key concept of Naturalism, it is vital in the struggle against nature, in order to beat the unfavorable conditions of nature, one must survive. In order to survive one must have keen souls to thrive in the wild, and in the story, London uses the mans mammal companion a nd his owner, in order to show this compulsion for instinct.The protagonist has a certain level of consciousness, which gets him by, yet he still needs matches to create his squeeze outand he needs a map in order to guide him to certain locations, all which calculate ones intellect. None of these require instinct, only a certain methodology and knowledge of the items. In the sense of his intellect as opposed to the dogs instinct, the mans knowledge of his complicated tools can only take him so far, but eventually lead to error, such as his fingers becoming too numb to strike his matches to create a fire. The dog on the other hand is able to rely exclusively on instinct in order to overcome the veracity of nature, such as burying itself into the snow when it becomes cold or gnawing the ice between its extremities. Although the man cannot rely on fur in order to keep his warmth, London still shows us that the instinct of the dog prevails the mans subpar intellect. London even agr ees upon the statement, This man did not know cold. Possibly all the generations of his ancestry had been ignorant of cold, of real cold, of cold one hundred and seven degrees below freezing-point. But the dog knew all its ancestry knew and it had inherited the knowledge.(London, pg 1061) If the man had correspondent instinct as the dog and understood the severity of the cold, he could have been more cautious in his approach and possibly survived the misfortunes to come or not even have began the expedition of impending doom.Though the man took his intellect for granted, if his instinct were stronger he would have known not to build his fire under the tree. His method had led him thus far and would eventually lead him to death, as the dog would survive and victimisation his instincts to find the nearest suppliers of food and fire. In Cranes novel, The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, Crane has set up an environment which contrast the more natural element of the Yukon in To Build a Fire. The story revolves more or less a more civil setting, with the town of Yellow Sky which serves as a reflection of the old west. Coming back to the notion of determinism, it can be found that every character has a notable lack of free will amongst caller. Even at the beginning of the story the protagonist, Jack Potter, is on a train which is very symbolic of his lack of free will, a continuous and predetermined path. Also we get a sense of the influence of nature on Jack as the story depicts , The mans face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a ask result of his new black clothes was that his brick-colored hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion.(Crane) As the story progresses the reader is informed of Jacks current condition, to which hehas claimed to have gone headlong over all the accessible hedges( Crane )This custom of going against societal norms describes yet another characteristic of naturalism, just as in Londons story, we attend to a man who defies advice and travels into the heart of the Yukon alone. Also this defiance of social values shows the animal like instinct within Potter, whether he was acting out of lust or loneliness, he resorted to some sharp impulse which presents an instinct within himself, one not well thought out. He is nervous in his approach towards category and his attempt to exercise free will has proved disheartening as he fears what others might speak out of his illicit behavior. He is confined and his will is broken. As the perspective switches to Yellow Sky we see a town very much stuck in the tradition of the old west. With the social conventions surrounding Yellow Sky, society have again proved as an authoritive and dominating control. The town is almost dictated by societal customs, such as the closing of the saloon when scratchy strolls through befuddled and bellicose. This is routine for the town as the bar tender mentions No, he cant break down that door, replied the barkeep er. Hes move it three times.(Crane) Almost satirizing the idea of the old west as nobody is that distraught except for the drummer from the east.This act of Scratchy continuously terrorizing the town gives us the idea of the force of social conventions and their plight upon the town. Determinism dictates the town as they wait while Scratchy displays his power and for their sheriff to eventually show up and smother Scratchys hostility. When Jack shows up with his new bride it can be inferred that Crane introduces the hero aspect detailed in the theme of naturalism. Throughout the book we see a man who is quite nervous and hesitant around his bride, but when pitted against his old adversary Scratchy, Jack takes up the role of the hero. When approached by Scratchy he is vulnerable and relates this to scratchy when he says, You know I fight when it comes to fighting, Scratchy Wilson, but I aint got a gun on me. Youll have to do all the shootin yourself.(Crane) Throughout the story we s ee that Jack has a hindered sense of free will as he frets over societies view of himself and it is then foreshadowed he will encounter his long time foe Scratchy who dictates Jacks everyday melodic line as Sheriff. But it is here at the end that we see Jack triumph over these social concerns by sacrificing himself and then overcoming Scratchy.By the end of the story we Jack as the ideal naturalisthero, one who has overcome the dilemmas of the natural world. Naturalism is an idea that can explain many aspects of society. For instance the very rationality I write this paper is to earn a degree that I must obtain in order to live a better life in the future, whether or not it is truley what I requisite to pursue. There are non-fictional accounts of men whom have abandoned the tyranny and mediocrity of their society and entered the wild only to gain a freedom theyve never had, some of whom are inspired by these naturalistic writers. London and Crane give their readers a sense of wha t nature holds, often conveying how wonderfully aesthetic the natural world can be.It is possible to learn from naturalism and the literature that surrounds it, to understand how powerful nature is and how impair society has become. All of our naturalistic heroes whether fictional or non fictional, give out this life in a like manner. They pass fighting the wilderness, conquering society, or stepping outside of their own confines and crossing new bounds. When they depart this life it is death by surviving in the natural world, a place where only fewer truths in this world are found. In the midst of their last moments, they slip into the most comfortable quietus they have ever known.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms Essay

I. Importance of StudyFound in the ledger of modern Nursing, a company of Norse psychologists conducted an observational longitudinal writ x report to discover whether or not thither is a relationship be develop Health Related Quality of spiritedness (HRQoL), and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder). Mette Senneseth, Kjersti Alsaker & Gerd Karin Natvig, conducted this study. gibe to the journal, the aim of the study was to examine HRQoL and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in the muckle that att revoke Accident and Emergency departments (A&E), collectible to the fact that they suffer from some type of psychosocial crisis (Alasker et al. 2011, 403). Hereafter, this is referred to as inquiry 1. The study done in question 1 revealed that at that place has been an interest in searching ones quality of life, and how it correlates with ones health. The terminal figure HRQoL refers to the effects of health, illness and treatment on QoL (Alasker et al. 2011, 403). on that point scram been a number of studies that suggest that traumatic life events, including, but not limited to, sexual assault and armed services attack, have a dis eitherow effect on HRQoL. Additionally, poor HRQoL is not only associated with PTSD symptoms, but they are related to varietys and qualifying in HRQoL, and there is a negative correlation in the midst of the 2 (Alasker et al. 2011, 403). The investigators hypothesized that people who seek foster at A&E, suffering from such psychosocial calamites, have let down HRQoL than the frequent population of Norway at the cartridge clip of the study, and that the participants will have improved HRQoL after two months (Alasker et al. 2011, 403). In growth, a second hypothesis predicts that participants who have uplifted levels of PTSD symptoms at the time of the study will have reduced symptoms after the cultivation of the study at two months.Lastly, the third hypothesis wraps the st udy up by predicating that high levels of PTSD symptoms are associated to low HRQoL scores in a review article experiment (Alasker et al., 2011, 403). Found in the Cyber-psychology, port and Social Networking Journal, a assort of researchers conducted a study to compare the effects of VR-graded exposure therapy (VR-GET) versus treatment as usual (TAU) on people suffering from combat related PTSD (McLay et al. 2011, 223). Robert Mclay, Dennis Wood, Jennifer Webb-Murphy, James Spira, Mark Miederholf, Jeffery Pyne and BrendaWiederhold conducted this study. Hereafter, this is referred to as Research 2. The doctors responsible for conducting this study prove that there has only been one randomized, controlled proof-of-concept study that was specifically designed for Active Duty Service Members suffering from PTSD (McLay et al. 2011, 223). Also, the doctors wanted to ex xd the already found research gathered from victims of PTSD, and take the study one step further. The researchers of Research 2 hypothesized that patients with combat-related PTSD would be more likely to experience clinically signifi good dealt improvements in VR-GET than treatment as usual (McLay et al. 2011, 224). VR-GET is a realistic reality stimulation that combines graded virtual reality exposure with physiologic monitoring and skills training (McLay et al. 2011, 224). Also, VR-GET promotes action with, rather than escaping the events and experiences that prompt a traumatic episode.II. METHODSIn regards to Research 1, the participants in the study had to undertake tierce criteria before they were able to participate. During the recruitment period, the researchers found participants who were attending the A&E due to a psychosocial crisis and who consulted a psychiatric nurse, were 18 years of age or older, and those who were able to both read and understand Norwegian (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). A total of 113 were asked to participate in the study. Of those 113 people selected, 99 of t he people participated in the baseline study, and 41 participated in both the baseline study, and the follow-up study. Aforementioned, this was an observational longitudinal study, where participants were observed repeatedly over a long period of time.There were two types of pricks that were used for the research in Research 1. The first instrument that was used was a SF-36 Health Survey, which is a 36 item self-report questionnaire that assesses eight domains of physical and MH ranging from 1-100 (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). In this survey, the higher(prenominal) score reveals the best HRQoL, and the lower score reveals the poorest HRQoL (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). The second instrument that was used for this study was the Post-traumatic Symptom descale (PTSS-10), which is a ten item self-report questionnaire that assesses the presenceand intensity of symptoms (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). On the PTSS-10, scores range from 10 to 70, and a score of 35 or greater results in a PTSD dia gnosis (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). In addition to the two questionnaires, participants were encouraged to go to consolations at the A&E. The number of consultations that each participant attended varies passim the study.In regards to Research 2, participants for the study were all Active Duty Service Members who had been diagnosed by a military mental health professional as having PTSD related to military combat (McLay et al. 2011, 224). At the end of the baseline assessment, those who were qualified to participate in he study were asked to draw a piece of story come on of an envelop, making the selection of treatment completely random, and giving the participants an equal chance of choosing either treatment. There were a total of twenty people that participated in this study ten assign to the VR-GET and another ten assigned to TAU (McLay et al. 2011, 225).The two methods of Research 2 consisted of the VR-GET and the TAU. The participants that were assigned for the VR-GET had a sequence of sessions that consisted of different activities. First, the therapist would meet with the participant and discuss their trauma history. In the second session, participants were asked to reveal their more traumatic stories of their military combat and tours. In later sessions, the participant used the virtual reality helmet to relive their most traumatic events, establish forward of the education that was gathered about them in the earlier sessions. In each session, the participants were observed on their ability to face their fears and anxieties (McLay et al. 2011, 225). Participants assigned to TAU could receive any of the regular services available to them at the NMCSD and NHCP. These two facilities offer full spectrum of PTSD treatment, including, but not limited to, cognitive processing therapy, prolonged exposure, and group therapy (McLay et al. 2011, 225).III. ANALYSIS/RESULTSAnalysisThe researchers for Research 1 used the two self-report questionnaires to gather their data. In addition, the researchers processed the data usingstatistical analysis with the help of SPSS16 Processor for Windows (Oslo, Norway). The researcher for this study wants to compare the results of the two surveys with the general population of Norway, and to succeed with that, they used SF-36 data through the Norwegian Coordinated Living Conditions Survey from 2002, consisting of 5131 people (Alasker et al. 2011, 405).In Research 2, it was found that participants in the baseline study had lower norm-based scores in all eight HRQoL domains in comparison to the general population of Norway. In the follow-up study, two months later, the participants still had lower norm-based scores than the general population of Norway, but participants had improved their HRQoL in five of the eight domains from the baseline study to the follow-up study (Alasker et al. 2011, 406).In regard to the PTSS-10 questionnaire in Research 1, among the participants in the baseline study, 79% of th em had a PTSS-10 score that was 35, expressing high levels of PTSD symptoms (Alasker et al. 2011, 406). At the follow-up, 59% of the participants had a PTSS-10 score that was 35, which sights high levels of PTSD symptoms, which can indicate a risk of developing PTSD (Alasker et al. 2011, 406).The researchers for Research 2 aimed to identify which of the VR-GET or TAU would bow a greater percentage of participants with a clinically meaningful reduction in PTSD (McLay et al. 2011, 225). The researcher succeeded in deepening their research by investigating the difference in CAPS scores at an sign assessment and then at the post-treatment assessment in VR-GET versus TAU (McLay et al. 2011, 226). The CAPS is a rating scale for PTSD that corresponds with the 17 symptoms of PTSD (McLay et al. 2011, 226). Participants were classified according to whether or not they had a 30% of larger reduction of their PTSD based on the results of their CAPS. ii. Analysis ResultsTaking a look at Resear ch 1, and the question concerning whether or not there is a link between PTSD symptoms and HRQoL, researchers looked at the differences in SF-36 scores between PTSS-10 subgroups in a follow-up study(Alasker et al. 2011, 406). The PTSS-10 high hit and low scoring subgroups at the 2-month follow-up differed in all eight of the HRQoL domains in the follow up study (Alasker et al. 2011, 406). In addition, the PTSS-10 low scoring participants had improved HRQoL in six out of the eight domains (Alasker et al. 2011, 407).In regards to Research 2, all ten of the participants assigned to the VR-GET were assessed with the CAPS at the post-assessment. Seven out of the ten participants showed an improvement of 30% or more on the CAPS. On the other hand, out of the ten participants that were assigned to the TAU, one did not complete a CAPS assessment. Nevertheless, one out of the nine returning participants receiving the TAU revealed more than a 30% improvements on the CAPS (McLay et al. 2011, 226). There was no significant difference between VR-GET and TAU average CAPS scores both before and after the treatments, but there was indeed a significant difference in the average CAPS score over the course of the entire treatment (McLay et al. 2011, 226).IV. discussionResults SummaryConcerning Research 1s first hypothesis, participants of the study reported lower HRQoL compared to the general population of Norway in all eight HRQoL domains (Alasker et al. 2011, 408). In regards to the second hypothesis, participants in Research 1 reported high levels of PTSD symptoms at the time of the baseline experiment. Furthermore, PTSS-10 scores did improve from the time of the baseline experiment to the follow-up. The results show that PTSD symptoms decrease for people suffering from a psychosocial crisis in the 2 months after attending the A&E (Alasker et al. 2011, 408). Lastly, concerning the questions if there is a link between the level of PTSD symptoms and HRQoL in the follow-up stu dy, the researchers found that a high level of PTSD symptoms after a two month period were conjugate to lower HRQoL (Alasker et al. 2011, 408).Results for Research 2Strengths and WeaknessesIn regards to Research 1, there are many strengths and lurking variables that should be pointed out. unrivaled strength of the study was that theyprogress of the study was completely up to the participant. The participant had the option as to how may consultations they wanted to attend, and the varied decisions led to different results. Another strength of the study was that they used instruments that were both give up to the study, and reliable. On the contrary, there were several confounding variables in Research 1 that must be acknowledged. First, there is no evidence that anyone in this trial was on any sort of anti-depressant or medication that would equal his or her scores on the SF-36 and the PTSS-10. Also, there are so many different traumatic events that would cause someone to show s ymptoms of PTSD. The study should limit its participants to those who experienced similar types of trauma.As for Research 2, there were excessively strengths and weaknesses to the study. As for its strengths, the doctors did a good job through their selections process to select a small group of people who were highly qualified for this study. Also, the exam that was used to measure the severity of the participants PTSD was based off of seventeen symptoms of PTSD, whereas the instrument used in Research 1 (PTSS-10) only focused on ten symptoms of PTSD. Lastly, the ten-week span of the study was appropriate in yielding results. Just like any other study, there are confounding variables that need to be identified for Research 2. Although the goal was to get the participants in for a reassessment at the conclusion of the study (ten weeks), reassessment for some did not occur until as remote as 36 weeks. With that being said, participants have plenty of time to have a relapse, or more time in combat that can result in more severe PTSD. iii. Future DirectionsThe researchers of Research 1 suggest that a randomized control trial with a control group is necessary to investigate the effect of the psychosocial interactions that are given to this group (Alasker et al. 2011, 407). In addition, they suggest that it is crucial to get more, information about the long term effects of acute crisis intervention on PTSD symptoms and HRQoL given by psychiatric nurses to participants (Alasker et al. 2011, 410).The researchers of Research 2 to a fault have some suggestions for further directions of this research. It was stated that other studies on the topicof virtual reality therapy on PTSD victims, improvements in symptoms arent visible until sometimes lead months after treatment. For future studies there needs to be a longer wait time for the follow-ups so that there can be the most accurate results. In addition, the journal states that careful monitoring of the participants i s also something that needs to be done more thorough in the future because a participants overall health, deflexion from PTSD, must be taken into consideration when the researchers are making observations and conclusions about the participants (McLay et al. 2011, 226).Works CitedMette Senneseth, Kjersti Alsaker, Gerd Karin Natvig. (2011). Health-related Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Accident and Emergency Attenders Suffering From Psychosocial Crises a Longitudinal Study, Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 402-414. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.rocky.iona.edu2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=6c7164f6-d4f6-4ce6-8a46-f1ad579caf63%40sessionmgr15&vid=5&hid=24Robert N. Mclay, Dennis P. Wood, Jennifer A. Webb-Murphy, James L. Spira, Mark D. Wiederhold, Jeffery M. Pyne, Brenda K. Wiederhold. (2011). A Randomized, Control Trial of Virtual Reality-Graded exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Active Duty Service Members with Combat- Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking Volume 14, paying back 4. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.rocky.iona.edu2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=61603dcf-c639-423e-8f1e-365db0b36d61%40sessionmgr13&vid=4&hid=24

Personal Revision Strategy Essay

My personal strategy for revising a piece of writing involves schooling through the entire idea to ensure that it conveys the intended meaning. It is important to wait a while after writing the first draft before taking another thorough look at it. peculiar(prenominal) emphasis should be placed on the thesis of the paper to ensure that the leaning of the paper is purely adhered to. After this, I examine the manner in which the paragraphs flow into one another and I curry them in the appropriate order.For example, a typical essay is arranged by putting the introduction at the beginning, followed by body, before the final part of the paper known as the conclusion. Every paragraph in the paper should also have a link to the thesis of the paper. It is necessary to ensure that the opening argument of the paper is explained in the first line of each paragraph to ensure that theres suitable clarity and consistency throughout the document. After checking for proper paragraph transitio n, the next thing I do is check for typographical errors. This ensures that punctuation marks like commas and semi-colons ar used appropriately.Tools such as the Grammar Check, offer Check and the Dictionary also come in handy during the revision process (Zinsser, 2001). When the aforementioned steps have been concluded, I format the whole document to suit the required audience. For example, academic writings are presented in a format thats entirely different from presentations. The next step involves sending the paper in for peer review. Peer review is very critical to producing a good paper because it gives the author a chance to receive feedback and constructive criticism on the document before the final ingress (Hairston & Friend, 2002).Other areas of importance that need to be examined during the revision process include the balance of the paper, tone and formalities of the language used, accuracy of facts outlined, references and the general writing style (Elbow, 1998).R eferences Elbow, P. (1998). Writing With Power . New York Oxford UP. Hairston, M. R. , & Friend, C. (2002). How do you Revise, Edit, and ascertain? New York Longman. Zinsser, W. (2001). On Writing Well. New York HarperCollins .

China and WTO Essay

Since 2001 the land has witnessed a rapid growth of mainland chinaware in terms of its frugality. With the goods having a make in China label becoming a frequent part of our lives, China paves its way eer on the road to success. The credit to such a boom in the countrys backing (peculiarly exports) goes to maven key factor Globalization. Cognizant of the sphere transaction Organizations potential to let China fully practice Globalization, right after its membership of WTO China marked an instance of orbiculate significance.Today with the steps of China gradu aloney turning the uni-polar world into a bi-polar one, the analysts of ball-shaped trade and economy predict China to soon supplant the United States, wholly on the basis of its tenacious sparing stand. Initially, this study attempts to develop a comprehension of rudimentary sentiments pertaining to the World consider Organization, Globalization and China.The paper shape up elucidates the major(ip) argument by a conscientious analysis of Chinas practice of Globalization, portal to WTO, different attitudes about a Globalized China and impacts of its WTO membership not only on the country itself unless also on the whole world. Introduction It is a datum of experience that in the scene of new-fashioned existence globalisation has emerged as an inevitable procedure. With its instruments like the World Trade Organization, Globalization has profoundly penetrated into the root of the modern economic system thereby affecting different nations differently.With WTO and economic globalization being in vogue in the business world, what remains the topic of a controversial debate is the entrance of China into WTO. Previously a member with average participation in the international trade, China has established itself as one of the top most(prenominal) economies of the contemporaneous world immediately after signing the agreement with WTO in the year 2001. As the concerned year marked a celebration for China, it also proved as a sinister for some early(a) nations that had been dominating the international trade before Chinas formal stepping into it.With a multifaceted temperament of Chinas WTO membership, there remain a add of ambiguities in terms of its corollaries on the world and the country itself. Globalization Before laying the foundation of the papers major argument, it is mandatory to comprehend the concept of globalization. Globalization is what happens when the movement of people, goods, or ideas among countries and regions accelerates. In the contemporary world, all the fonts of sprightliness atomic number 18 touched by the ravishing presence of globalization.Once comprehended as a mere economic phenomenon involving the flow of goods and services across b supposes, the term has transcended to reach the exchange of language, grow and relationships among nations . According to Suarez in Globalization Culture and Education in the New Millennium, the commenceme nt and proliferation of globalization coalesces a series of cycles. Of them, the first cycle began in 1492 ending in the early seventeenth one C whereas the second cycle embarked in the late seventeenth degree centigrade. Globalization is often reckoned as an elusive concept keeping under consideration its dual prospects.This multi faceted view is clear in perpetuallyy aspect of globalization. For instance, international organizations like WHO, UNESCO and UNDP are trying to ameliorate the standard of life across the globe by attempts for eliminating poverty, improving health conditions and providing job opportunities etc. Such steps on the part of globalization bid its electropositive picture attempting to elevate the nations. On the other hand, the instruments of globalization like multinational companies are exploiting the world labour and have become a major source of collapse of many domestic businesses.Wal-Mart is one of the many examples in this concern. Not only feared b y the weensyer businesses of Non American countries, the domestic investors suffer the selfsame(prenominal) threat. According to an interview (documented in the article Rediscovering Uncle Sam of the book Ambassadors of Peace) with the Mayor of Chestertown, Margo G. Bailey told how she has been fighting the Wal-Mart from entering into the small city of Chestertown for almost a decade because the invasion of Wal-Mart would mean a fiasco for the owners of the small businesses in the locality.This means that if globalization is elevating humans, it is evenly abusing them. With the ascending power of globalization in the contemporary world, what becomes the reason of its acquisition is three facts. First is the globalizations role in the amelioration of technology. Twenty first century is considered as the hey day of science, technology and telecommunication. The second reason is the provision of integration of people across borders to go about acquainted with the foreign cultures. This has specially marked a boom in tourism industry. Thirdly, the concept of fire trade as advocated by globalization has increased the capital flow between nations who are promptly more interested in global trade without being interfered by the state government. Of many forces of globalization, World Trade Organization is considered its key instrument. World Trade Organization Formed in 1995, World Trade Organization stands as the only hegemonic power ruling the trade in the international business market.WTO started to colloquially supplant General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that had been carrying on the same function in the global market since 1947. The working of WTO is based key principles which are available in the form of its written living covering almost every kind of activity happening in the international trade. One of these principles is to equally treat all the participating nations in the business market. This means that any policy framed by WTO would be implemented on all the nations alike irrespective of their status in the global market. other principle of WTO advocates Free Trade which means the elimination of trade barriers like tariffs, regulation or other such measures of protectionism imposed by the government thereby impeding the process of liberal trade or smooth flow of goods and services among the nations. WTO also makes sure the transparency of trade policies by making all the nations cognizant of them through their 2300 paged of agreements providing every term in black and white. In the similar way, the negotiations regarding the policy matters are not made surreptitious thereby making the adjustments open to all the other members too.With a seemingly stringent frame of law, WTO also believes in providing flexibility to the developing countries in order to make their positive contribution possible in the competitive market. According to Article III of Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization WTO is respons ible for five major functions. These responsibilities involve, 1. Implementation, administration and operation of Multilateral, Plurilateral and its own trade agreements. 2. Providing a program of negotiations between different member nations regarding their trade policies and agreements. It also assists them in implementing the decided policies.3. Settling the disputes among the member nations. The nature of such disputes is generally trade-policy based where the WTO serves as an arbiter between the conflicting nations. 4. Facilitating and training the weaker members in order to create a balance in the global economy. For achieving the desired goal, WTO co-operates with World Bank and International cautionary Fund. 5. Monitoring the trade policies that have been implemented and to make possible the aspect of transparency in these policies. China in the contemporary world It was about two hundred years ago that China was he ruling power of global economy.After years of a sleeping giant, China has rapidly elevated its status in the global community in the wake of the last decade. This aggrandizing significance is specially marked in the growing performance of the country in terms of its annual economic performance. This is clear by analyzing the performance of Chinas ship building industry. Considered as a poor quality shaper around 1980s, it has grown into a bona fide world industry today. As a result of this boom in the economy, millions of Chinese previously living at the bottom line of poverty enjoy better standards of life today.For the very reason World Bank believes that China achieved the fastest doubling of economic output ever from 1978 to 1987, far outpacing both early industrializers (e. g. , United Kingdom, United States, and Japan) and late industrializers (e. g. , Brazil, South Korea, and Taiwan) alike. It then repeated the transaction from 19871996 and looks like continuing the same pace in the future to come. To restate, as a result of glo balizing process China has doubled the per capita income for three times after 1978. Of the over all augmenting profits, Chinas major gains also lie in its textile industry.Reviewing Chinas consistent rise for the past many years, many analysts proscribe China most likely to supplant the position of the U. S. by becoming the most powerful economy of the world around 2050 as the former has already caught the high brow of the world. fleck talking to China Daily, Long Yongtu, Chinas former WTO chief negotiator said, Because Chinas economy is more open, and Chinas economic size is much bigger, the world is more smooth to whats happening in China. I think in that way China is really changing the world.

Growth Performance Management Essay

In this report I turn in foundern a lot of research into the germane(predicate) subjects. I bet that the way I have looked at the possibilities on the wholeow for help Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor curb roughly of the obstacles in their memorial tablet in order to make there backup lucky. Suggestions on what you should be particularised everyy looking at in order to make your business a achievement, in my attend would be the seek to improve employee attitudes and tuition for employees. I think I have c everyplaceed all the points that you have given me in depth if I have non apologies on my behalf.Introduction- Aims of the ReportThe fix of this report is to show Helen Marsh and Brian Taylor the problems of their business in more than detail than the report give (case study). I give discloseline and investigate further into the following considers* Growth* slaying instruction* consummation judgment Systems and Motivation* Motivation* Rewards* Employee Turnove r/Retention* reproduction and Development* CommunicationGrowthTo adopt the yield of Brian and Helens order, we will look need to examine into the gadfly (Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors) and nerd (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) summary for this company, this will help us identify if the company should affect to grow. By understanding about the tog up and PEST analysis this will show us backbone information and help us identify virtually of the problems with the business.SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis is a very effective way of identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses, and of examining the Opportunities and Threats you face. Carrying out an analysis using the SWOT frame construct helps you to focus your activities into beas where you be strong and where the greatest opportunities lie. SWOT Analysis is a strategic method for identifying your businesses Strengths and Weaknesses, and to examine the Opportunities and Threats.These b e just many of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats there may be more if you feel that there are, pleases do not hesitate to call me we squeeze out discuss these further. By rendition the report that you gave me (case study) I found more weaknesses than strengths. This is not bad as this shows you that you mint improve on these to make your business a success.Read moreDifference Between Performance Management and Performance AppraisalPEST AnalysisIt is very important that an composition considers its environment before beginning the merchandise and decision planning process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning.The SWOT analysis shows a lot of weaknesses in the business, the points that I have mentioned in the SWOT analysis collide with the future growth of the business. I think that if you over come the weaknesses that are depict in the SWOT analysis this will help improve and develop the company signifi tail assemblytly beca design the employee would contri only ife to the full potency and would also create a good workings environment which intend less round turnover. I suggest that you should postpone in growing for the moment and consider improving on the weaknesses that I outlined in the SWOT analysis. I suggest that you should consider growing in the future rather than now.I found out thatWeakness are not necessarily indicating bad things of the organization but display a path to a ameliorate future.ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (1990) Northcraft. G page 437You should consider improving the weaknesses into strengths as this would be beneficial in the future when you should consider to grow (it is not obligatory yet) by improving weaknesses the business would routine discover and more advantages would be gained such as more share and profit.Performance ManagementIn the report given to me (case study) I see that you have a problem on observe the field based supply. This is a impo rtant issue as the provide may or may not be doing what you have told them this would cause all sorts of issues with your company for drill you may be losing money, valuable resources and cadence. Field based faculty may be difficult to neck but there are shipway. Staff that work in the office are easier to evaluate on what and how that are doing. When managing or monitoring employees you have to be aware of their privacy and not to breach that correlative line as this may inevitably cause conflict in the work fall out.But When you cant be present to observe employee doing, be sure that you have the right processes in place finished which you can learn about how theyre doing this can be undertaken for field based staff also. These processes should be open, fair, and understood by everyone. Options for obtaining input about performance in your absence seizure may include, but are not limited to, the following* Evaluate the output and products of the employees work.* Have terrestrial private meetings with your employee and include discussions of performance.* Every so often review and discuss with your employee the standards of performance for his or her job and your expectations.* pick up your employee to do periodic reports and share them with you for discussion.* Obtain feedback from customers in composition when possible.* Do brief stand-up check-ins or phone calls to field based staff as well as office based staff.* direct an appropriate person who is present day-to-day to serve as a work leader or give the person authority to act in your stead, and ensure that everyone understands the persons role.* Perform routine spot checks of the employee at work.* study for confidential evaluations of employee performance by peers (or direct reports of supervisors). This process should be distinctly understood by everyone and applied fairly to all.Performance Appraisal Systems and MotivationPerformance appraisal systems are designed to serve the com panys and employees interests. They are used to inventory the abilities and resources of employees and to let an employee know where he stands so that he will be stimulated to improve his performance.Employee demand can be enhanced and performance improved with the monitoring of employees performance level and the use of feedback to advise those employees about their effectiveness. Performance feedback exchanges can be ongoing and informal, on a day-to-day coaching basis or on a formal basis, annually.I found this statement..Employers want to be sure their employees are doing a good job, but employees dont want their every sneeze or there depend on to the toilet loggedManaging raft 2nd edition Tomson. RI think that employee monitoring is acceptable to a reasonable level but should nod be exceeded. I used to work at KFC (Kentucky hot up Chicken) and the manager was constantly monitoring me and other staff that work there. I can understand this as lot in other eating houses have tampered with food for good example a Mc Donalds restaurant in USA Mississippi once was shut down because of food tampering. So to some grade a lot of monitoring needs to be undertaken. But I think you should use some of the procedures I have given for example I would recommend these* Perform routine spot checks of the employee at work.* Obtain feedback from customers in writing when possible some sort of feed back sheet of maybe a questionnaire* Do brief stand-up check-ins or phone calls to field based staff* Ask your employee to do periodic reports and share them with you for discussion.MotivationStaff motivation is the one of the most significant factors in managing people. No one style is knead out than some other for motivating employees, but it is essential that leaders are aware of their staff motivation style and are able to adapt for different band. Some peck will call for a strong direction to inspire staff motivation other circumstances will call for staff motiv ation to be influenced by a more advice-giving approach.The necessary attainment is in knowing what motivates people and satisfying the needs of individuals and groups at a given time. Staff motivation in regard to reenforcement and recognition means taking account of and balancing the needs of the agreement and its accusings as well as the needs of the people expected to achieve those objectives. star of the worlds most successful Software and Hardware entrepreneurs statedWhen we create a desirable workplace and find good ways to have work/life balance, well attract and well retain the best people and thats our competitive advantage.Lewis Platt, CEO, Hewlett-Packard(1001 ways to Reward Employees 2000)Source www.nelson-motivation.com/hpackard/ceoHear is an example of a motivational theoryDouglas McGregor, was a American social psychologist, he proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise . possibleness X and theory Y are still referred to commo nly in the field of circumspection and motivation. Mc Gregors X-Y hypothesis remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive precaution style and techniques. McGregors XY Theory remains central to government activityal development, and to improving organisational culture.McGregors Theory X and Theory YTHEORY XTHEORY Y1. Workers must be supervised as well-nigh as possible, either by dint of direct oversight or by tight reward and/or punishment systems.1. People usually do not require close supervision and will, if given a chance to control their own activities, be productive, satisfied, and fulfilled.2. Work is objectionable to most people.2. Work is natural and sweet unless it is made offensive by the actions of organisations.3. Most people have little initiative, have little subject matter for world creative or solving organisational problems, do not want to have responsibilities, and prefer being directed by someone else.3. People are ambitious, desire auto nomy and self-control, and can use their abilities to exercise problems and help their organisations meet their goals. Creativity is distributed normally across the population, just as is any other characteristic.4. People are motivated by economic factors and a need for security.4. People are motivated by a variety of needs only some of which involve economics or security.Figure Obtained fromMANAGING wadR. Tompson, 2nd Ed, Pub Institute of ManagementI think that employee motivation in regard to reward and recognition means taking account of and balancing the needs of the organisation and its objectives as well as the needs of the people expected to achieve those objectives. I think that motivation should also have been include in the SWOT analysis.I think you should also consider how you can motivate staff you could use the web site I have given above for more information. The more you motivate staff the better they will work, this will also help with the monitoring of employees. You should also consider looking at the various patterns used by managers to encourage motivation in the work place, for a good example see vermiform appendix 3.RewardsThere are a staggering amount of reward types and schemes, you just have to make sure you have the right ones chosen for your business because performance of staff is the key to the success of any organisation. One of the main rewards that I think is relevant for your business is PRP (Performance Related Pay)One of the key contributors to effective performance is a well-designed performance focal point process. Such a process should in corporal objective setting, the day-to-day management of performance, the review or appraisal of performance, and reward performance. Your employees are your most important asset, they are the people who shape and form the companys future. Rewarding staff can develop effectual in-house competition surrounded by individuals, teams or even de set outments.Another major factor in rew ards are oeuvre benefit packages. Reward and incentive programs are a popular part of employee benefit packages. Many employees economic value such offerings as flexible scheduling, tuition assistance, and child care in order to satisfy personalised needs and professional development. I think that you too should consider re designing your employment package. nowadays society, it is becoming more and more common to support these reward systems with the overall business strategy of an organisation in order to satisfy business needs and to improve shareholder value. In addition, many organisations are developing or restructuring their rewards programs based on employee performance. This trend is likely to continue as costs continue to increase and competition continues to thrive in a amplyly unpredictable economy.Some other utilizable reward types that can be used are as followsSocial RewardsWhich include praise, employee recognition, and social espousal within the business.Psychi c rewardsWhich include self esteem, job delight, and feelings of accomplishments You could also give piece-rate pay, commissions, merit pay and bonuses.When I was talking about the business and how it will grow in outcome of Growth in the low part I think that in order for the business to grow you need the best employees you can get. So you would need to have the reward schemes that the employees are looking for. I the way you are rewarding employees at the moment is not working in fact I know it is not working I think you should use the PRP (Performance Related Pay) method, and also consider giving annual bonuses.Also if you give PRP (Performance Related Pay) you will sort out the problem you have with the monitoring of Field based staff as they too will be attracting more customers for the business. You should also give bonuses if the company is making a stable profit as this would encourage more work to be completed.Employee Turnover/RetentionOne of the most difficult problems companies had to cope with in the increasingly volatile business climate of the 1990s was the high rate of employee turnover. When employees, particularly long-term employees leave a company that has made a substantial enthronement in them, they take with them training, skills, experience, and productivity. Output is inevitably diminished during the training process of new employees, no matter how qualified. additionally, a high level of workplace turnover rends the types of social bonds that encourage other employees come to work and maintain their normal levels of productivity...In todays workplace, employers are not only having a hard time attracting employees, but are also having a difficult time keeping them..(Harkins, 1998)I found out that employees leave for a variety of reasons, including poor supervision, unchallenging positions, limited advancement opportunities, lack of recognition, limited control over work, perceived pay inequity, and the perception of more favorable opportunities in other companies.Measuring AbsenceObtained fromMANAGING piece RESOURCESJ. Weightman, 2nd Ed, (1996), Pub Cromwell PressThis overall figure, however, leaves many questions unanswered. For example, is the absence rate a reflection of a few employees suffering from long-term ill-health or are a substantial number of employees being on a regular basis absent for relatively short spells? A more in depth way to monitor absence and remembering is give in Appendix 1.Hear I found some of the ways in which to help with retention* Align your employees with company goals and visions* Establish department goals and standards* Set employee goals and performance measurements* Conduct performance reviews that test the established goals* Train managers to effectively coach their staff* Identify barriers & find strengths to build upon* seclude key performance gaps and craft a plan to improve performance* Define the relationship between job satisfaction, goal alignment and individua l performance growthI suggest that you should consider some of the points above in order to combat turnover/retention. You should regularly try to monitor staff absence. emphasise to make the rate as nearer to 8.5 % as possible if it goes over this may be searing to the business. You should have a maximum number of days for employees to comply by, for example I work as Safeway Petrol station in the Penn, employees there are only allocated 50 hours off of work (excluding sick or acceptable absence). You should check out Appendix 1 in how to measure turnover and retention in your organisation.Training and DevelopmentThere are a number of advantages to training and development and this is another point that was added in the SWOT analysis that needed to be improved in order for the business to function properly and effectively.Training has become the most important feature of a successful organisation. Training is necessary because it improves profitability and/ or more positive atti tudes towards profit orientation. Enhances the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organisation. The work force gets a high morale. Due to proper training employees can identify with organisational goals, corporate image gets improved. Training fosters realism, openness and trust. A boss an the subordinates get to work in a better environment and relationship.Some typical reasons for employee training and development can be initiated for a variety of reasons for an employee or group of employees, for example* When a performance appraisal indicates performance improvement is needed* To benchmark the lieu of improvement so far in a performance improvement effort* As part of an overall professional development program* As part of succession planning to help an employee be eligible for a planned change in role in the organisation* To pilot, or test, the operation of a new performance management system* To train about a specific topicI found out some key topics for employee Tr aining and Development they are as follows* Communication- The increasing diversity of todays workforce brings a wide variety of languages and customs.* computer skills- Computer skills are becoming a requirement for conducting administrative and office tasks.* Customer service- Increased competition in todays global marketplace makes it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers.* Diversity- Diversity training usually includes explanation about how people have different perspectives and views, and includes techniques to value diversity* Ethics- Todays society has increasing expectations about corporate social responsibility. Also, todays diverse workforce brings a wide variety of values and morals to the workplace.By giving the appropriate training and development you can gain a lot of advantages. The general benefits from Employee Training and Development are* Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees* Increased employee motivation* Increased e fficiencies in processes, resulting in financial gain* Increased subject matter to adopt new technologies and methods* Increased innovation in strategies and products* Reduced employee turnover* Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting morals training (not a good reason for ethics training)* Risk management, e.g., training about inner harassment, diversity trainingI think that training aids in developing leadership skill, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display which we discussed earlier in the report. The quality of work is also increase and so is the productivity. Its cost effective as well, it cuts costs in different areas e.g. production, personnel, administration etc. it develops a sense of responsibility to the organisation for being capable and knowledgeable. Labor management is also improved, as workers or else of feeling ignored, feel taken care of which develops a sense of loyaltyCommunicationEffectiv e communicating skills are vital for success in a business environment with most business people being engaged in some form of chat activity most of the time reading, listening, writing or talking. Business communication is, however, different from educational or literary writing and speaking it requires precision, pellucidity and efficiency since business people just do not have the time to savor an imagination or an expression.Moreover, unethical behavior in the workplaces arising from the lack of ethical communication by the top management to the first-line supervisors proves the fact that employees are either directly or indirectly rewarded for unethical acts or harshly cast away for going against the norm of practicing corruption(Zimmerman Jansen and Von Glinow, 2001, p. 119).As explained in this text that I researched into, Jansen and Von Glinow through their in-depth study that support counter norms in an organisation is also a form of promoting corrupt standards in a co mpany in order to save the firms name or to avoid charges by this means reflecting the decreasing ethical communication in organisations.There are many factors that help establish an organisations ability and skill in maintaining the stability and organisation among its employees/members. One of these factors includes attaining an organisational communication process through effective communication skills. The most prominent forms used by most organisations are the development of communicative and non-verbal communication since these are the most obvious ways of communication that provide a dialogue for employees and the management in an organisation. However, what is not realized by both the employees and management is that listening is one important communication aspect that precedes verbal and non-verbal communication.I think that in order to attain effective communication verbally or non-verbally, communicators must first learn to listen in order to assess carefully the issues at hand and the required action that must be taken. If you have a look at Appendix 2 it shows you different types of communication processes. I would recommend that you try to focus on the complete interlock as this would make communications in your business better.Overall Report Conclusion and my RecommendationsI think overall this is what we should be doing in order to maintain and run a successful business* Growth- we should not be growing just yet as there are to many problems as indicated in the SWOT analysis. We should be improving on the weaknesses and consider to grow and expand in the future.* Performance Management- monitoring needs to be undertaken but only to some degree that is acceptable by you and the employees. But I think you should use some of the procedures that I have indicated in this previous section (please refer to Conclusion for Performance Management).* Performance Appraisal Systems and Motivation- Performance appraisal systems are designed to serve the co mpanys and employees interests.* Motivation- You have to consider Douglas McGregor Theory X and Theory Y. to offer the best motivation go through the chart that I have drawn and consider what you can do to have a successful motivated staff. Look at Appendix 3 for patterns of managerial approaches to motivation.* Rewards- if you offer better rewards and better benefit packages then Turnover/Retention will be low, and employees will work more and bear their highest potential.* Employee Turnover/Retention- you need to make sure that you monitor employees sickness and absenteeism and make sure it dose not go over 8% Check Appendix 1.* Training and Development- if you train and develop employees better the function of your business will be better, you should try to encourage more employees to gain different skills and knowledge. You should also try to offer recognised qualifications.* Communication- look at Appendix 2 I recommend that you try to bring in the process of complete network communication. There are numerous factors that help conclude an organisations ability and skill in maintaining the stability and organisation among its employees/members, one of these factors includes attaining an organisational communication process through effective communication skills.ReferencesI recommend that you look at the following text as this will help you improve on the factors mentioned in this report and also help you with difficult decisions about your business.I recommend looking at this textORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR INDVIDUALS, GROUPS AND THE ORGANISATIONI. Brooks (1999) 1st Ed, Pub pecuniary TimesHUMAN RESOURCE STRATAGIESSalman, (1998) Pub The Open UniversityMANAGING PEOPLER. Tompson, 2nd Ed, Pub Institute of ManagementORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR A MANAGEMENT CHALLENGEG.B.Northcroft & M.A.Neale (1990), Pub Ronda ColourPERSONNEL MANAGEMENTGA Cole, fourth Ed (1997), Pub Ashford Colour PressMANAGING HUMAN RESOURCESJ. Weightman, 2nd Ed, (1996), Pub Cromwell PressThe foll owing Web-Sites are useful alsowww.bized.comwww.hrmang.co.ukwww.humanrecourses.co.uk/text/hrissueswww.resourcemanage.co.uk