Project Report on Consumer Preference towards Cadbury

Project Report on Consumer Preference towards CadburyCadbury India is a fully possess subsidy of Kraft Foods Inc.Cadbury began its operations in Indiain the year 1948 by importing javas. And after 60 years of existence, it today has five federation-owned manufacturing facilities at Thane, Induri (Pune) and Malanpur (Gwalior), Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales offices (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkota and Chennai). The corporate office is in Mumbai.Cadburys core purpose is to make today delicious that captures the spirit of what they are trying to achieve as a business. The union makes delicious foods that flock female genitals feel good about. Whether one is considering itsown weight or preparing to celebrate, grabbing a quick bite or sitting down to family night, the company poursits hearts into cr haveing foods that are wholesome and delicious.Currently, Cadbury India operates in four categories viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks, Candy and Gum categor y. In the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has maintained its undisputed leadership over the years. Some of the key brands it offers in India are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Perk, clairs and Celebrations. Today, Cadbury enjoys a value market share of over 70% the highest Cadbury brand share in the world.The companys billion-dollar brand Cadbury Dairy Milk is considered the gold standard for chocolates in India. The pure taste of CDM defines the chocolate taste for the Indian consumer.Cadbury has yearbook revenue of approximately $50 billion the combined company is the worlds second largest food company, making delicious products for billions of consumers in much than 160 countries. It employs approximately 140,000 people and has operations in much than 70 countries.Corporate Social ResponsibilitySince 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa cultivation in India. For over devil decades, we rich person worked with the Kerala Agriculture University to u ndertake cocoa research and released clones, hybrids that improve the cocoa yield. Our Cocoa team visits farmers and advise them on the cultivation aspects from planting to harvesting. We also conduct farmers meetings seminars to train them on Cocoa cultivation aspects. Our efforts have increased cocoa productivity and touched the lives of thousands of farmers. Hardly surprising then that the Cocoa tree is called the Cadbury tree.Today, as a combined company with an unmatched portfolio in confectionery, snacking and quick meals, Cadbury and Kraft are poised in their leap towards quantum growth. They are the worlds No.1 Confectionery Company that we will concern to make today delicious.The ResearchResearch objectiveTo measure consumer pick outence towards Cadbury chocolate bars.Need for the studyTo find out the consumer favourences towards Cadbury chocolateResearch methodologyResearch tool Questionnaire.Sampling technique Random samplingSampling size 150Sample frame Respondents who have experienced eating cadbury chocolate bars.Sample locations Equal numbers of respondents (75 each) were surveyed from both the cities of Mapusa and Panjim.Data collection methodPrimary dataPrimary data was collected directly from the respondents through statistical distribution of structured questionnaire.Secondary dataSecondary data was collected from sources like internet, advertisement and TV commercials.Limitations of the researchAs the research is restricted only to the two cities of Mapusa and Panjim, the results may not hold true for other cities, villages and entire Goa as a whole.The survey was conducted in a limited time of six weeks.pictorial representationTools for analysis Tools such as pie charts and percentages are used for the analyzing the data and getting to the conclusion.Do you eat chocolate?From the above analysis of the given specimen of 150 respondents it is cerebrate that outof150 people 100% that is all 150 people likes to eat chocolate.Which bran d of chocolate bars do you prefer to eat?From the above chat it is clearly seen that out of 150 respondents 82 (55%) like Cadbury, 56(37%) like nestle 11(7)like Mars and 1(1%) like others.Which sub-brand of above mentioned chocolate bar do you prefer to eat? Tick mark the option that are applicable to you.What form of chocolates do you prefer?What pack size do you normally prefer?How frequently do you buy your preferred chocolate bars?Rate the sizeableness you give to the following factors piece purchasing a chocolate scatheQuantity.Flavour make forBrandPackagingHow much satisfied are you with your preferred brand with respect to the following factorsPriceQuantityFlavourShapeBrandPackagingDo you feel that your preferred chocolate is worth the cost?Which promotional offers attract you the most?Which of these factors affect your purchase?Do you conflicting any of the chocolate bars?If your preferred brand is not available for repeat purchase in the market what are you likely to do ?If a similar product of another brand appears in the market, will you prefer to stop buying this brand and buy the new one?Will you urge your preferred Cadbury chocolate bar to others?GenderAge groupOccupationFINDINGSMajority of the people surveyed prefer Cadbury chocolate than Nestle chocolate.In Cadbury people prefer dairy milk the most.Taste wise too they like Cadbury dairy milk better.Most of the consumer of Cadbury dairy milk are loyal to the chocolate as the dairy milk chocolate is not available they dont switch to some other brand or chocolate they either postpone their purchase or they go to some other shop for repeat purchase.Shape of the chocolate bar is important for the people surveyed.The brand of the chocolate to matter a plenitude for the peoplePrice and packaging too is very important for the people where chocolate are concerned.Quantity and flavour is very important for the people. Favourable price makes people buy chocolates even more.Where promotional factors a re taken into consideration, price offers attract more customers than other offers.Advertisement affects the sales of chocolate bars more than any other thing.RECOMMENDATIONSCadbury should focus on more advertisements, so that they can increase their sales even more and publicise their productsThey should try to give importance to price related offers to attract more customers because according to the survey it is indicated that people mostly prefer price related offers rather than other kind of offers.They can even come up with unique shapes of the bar to create a buzz in the market and gain more customers.Advertisements too can be displayed in a new and altogether different manner to make the customers buy the products in more quantities.To target each segment and attract more customers, products can be shaped, priced and advertised differently.Where Nestle comes in the picture, they should adCONCLUSIONAfter conducting the survey on consumer preference towards Cadbury chocolate ba rs, it can be concluded that consumers have more preference towards the Cadbury chocolate bars.Also it was a great experience learning the customer preference towards the chocolate as I came to do what they feel about the chocolate and also learn about the cholotate.LearningThrough conduct of this research, following learnings were generatedCustomers sensitivity towards each of the factors that are involved while purchasing the product was learnt in detail.Practical exposure to discordant psychologies of chocolate bar consumers. This led me to understand various perspectives of people and the psychology behind it.Understandings of various factors that lead to satisfaction or dissatisfaction in chocolate industry were learnt.

Market Entry Strategies of Wal-Mart

Market Entry Strategies of Wal-MartFounded in the socio- economical class 1962, by surface-to-air missile Walton, Wal-Mart was a case-by-case discount store in Rogers situated in the state of Arkansas. then the growth of the Wal-Mart twine of stores has been tremendous. Initially the chain consisted of 9 stores amounting to a total sale of 1.4 million US dollars and the growth exploded with a e genuinelyplaceall sale of 118 billion US dollars in the year 1998 and the number of stores amounted to everyplace 2,316 stores. The companionship excessively includes discount stores, w behouse outlets offering deep discounts, the whole sale club, supercenters of Wal-Mart. The victory story of Wal-Mart is unique in the history of retailing and this success could greatly be attributed to the dynamic leadership of Sam Walton. Its innings in the international arena started when the caller-out inaugurated a store in Mexico in the year 1991. Then the international chain kept on expanding to numerous nations like Argentina, Canada, Ger umteen, southward Korea and Brazil. By the year 1998 the number of international stores of Wal-Mart al iodin amounted to over 600 and these stores generated a revenue enhancement of over 7.5 billion dollars (Wal-Mart Annual report, 2008). The lines of merchandise of Wal-Mart is inclusive of electronics for consumers, goods related to sports, house wares, items for the lawn and the kitchen, apparels, paints, hardwares, items for repairing the automotives and their maintenance, games, grocery, toys, fashion items for homes, goods related to other types of maintenance activities. In the region of the United states, the company plays an important role in the generation of jobs and the number of jobs created by the company amounts to over 800, 000. Apart from this the company is too involved in the supporting of many types of manufacturing jobs in the US and this is being facilitated through the campaign called America first (Wal-Mart Annual report, 2008).International presence of Wal-MartThe company is involved in the serving of over 179 million people in one year and it also possesses over 2 million associates all over the initiation. The number of stores possessed by Wal-Mart number to over 7, 343 and its Sams Clubs are also present in over 14 markets. then it is not surprising that it is the biggest retailer in the whole of United States. From the year 2002 the company has been blow overping the list of fortune 500 list and in the year 2006 it was pushed to the second place, next only if to Exxon- Mobil due the rise in the impairment of oil in that year. In the year 2008, the annual revenue generated by Wal-Mart was over 378 billion dollars (Wal-Mart Annual report, 2008). Hence the company continues to be successful in many nations exploiting the human resources as well as the other resources in the nations. Its idea is to capitalise on the strategy set by the company for planetary expansions and the present targets of Wal-Mart are the big nations with huge human resources like Russia and India (Newsweek, 2007).There are lot of strategies employed by the company and it has had a huge gull-to doe with on the local culture of the retail in every nation it has occupied so farthest. The major strategies that are used by the company to begin with it jeopardises into another company are as followsEstablishment of partnership with the organisations and business that are present locallyWorking in close association with that of the governing bodys of the states and nations act to exploit the flourishing purchasing power of the people in the middle class (Newsweek, 2007)Strategies for international expansionThe strategy used by Wal-Mart at the international level is being modified in such a way that it becomes the transnational strategy and the key aspects of this strategy includes response at the national level, operations at the international level and also taking lessons from t he operations that are being conducted on a global scale. The aim of the company in hobby such an approach is that it should become the best choice for goods that are low cost in the United States as well as the whole world (Fishman, 2006). As the company is basically a retail company it stresses on the concept of orientation of the consumers by acquisition as well as distribution of goods at a low cost and at the same time facilitating learning on a global scale by the process of decentralisation, tackling rival over the borders and by sharing its acquired knowledge. But still in the global business arena, the company is relatively new and on its way to become a leading player. The stress placed by the company on the concept of national response has to an extent, brought about reductions in the operational efficiency of the company because it was not able to accomplish economy of scale which is enjoyed by the customers when it comes to the products that are standardised.The comp any is involved in the formulation of blueprints for the managers when it comes to the strategies which they are supposed to follow (Coleman, 1999).According to the of necessity as well as the culture of the people there is a high level of adaptation and the company has its location which is proximal to its market. The company also shows a lot of sensitivity when it comes to individual needs of every nation and also responds in an appropriate manner to these needs. There is also close strive and co-operative working shown by the company with the respective government so that every rule or legislation that has been passed by the government could also be taken into account while designing the strategies. The company is also involved in a lot of club works by provision of sponsors for the student community and contributes its share to the welfare of the people in the nations where it has its operations.Success factors of Wal-MartEach of the stores operated by Wal-Mart is from that o f the product being stocked by the company which would move towards the equipment at the previous end and this would go a long way in helping checkouts in a rapid manner with the philosophy set by the company in place- provision of goods at low prices every day and at the same time providing customer services that are of top quality. Hence the added avail of the low costs is that the expenses incurred in organisation of promotions for sales could be cut down to a large extent. Moreover the predict index of sales also step-ups. The company severely believes in the system of cross docking inventory system and hence has drapeed a lot in the same. The process of cross docking has led the Wal-Mart to get hold of economies of scale and this has in turn brought about considerable reductions in the costs that are incurred for sales. In the system followed by Wal-Mart, there is a continuous words of the goods to the stores in a time of maximum deuce days and at times there are no requ irements even to inventory them. Hence the shelves of Wal-Mart are refilled faster than four times of the existing competition in the market (Thomson, 1998). This is a particular advantage possessed by the company when it comes to competition. The power of acquire of Wal-Mart is leveraged by direction of purchasing in bulk quantities and also the company takes care of its own distribution. Hence every day low prices are guaranteed by the company and hence it has become a one stop shop. Hence at present the company owns stores in a signifier of companies like argentina, mexico, brazil, Canada, UK, Korea chinaware and also in Germany (Nelson, 1999).Single business strategyThe major reason behind the success of Wal-Mart lies in the fact that the company believes and concentrates on the strategy of single business. This is the strategy that has been providing the company with success over a finale of over 30 eld. In the three decades the company has never believed in the concept of diversification for the sustenance of its growth and also its advantages at the competitive level. Hence the services provided by the company and the low prices offered are the major reasons behinds its success. The concentration on one particular strategy also poses a threat to the company because it is equivalent to place all the eggs in one single bucket (Richter, 1998).provision chain, distributionThe competitive advantage gained by a company depends on the efficiency existing in the system of operation of the company and also on the degree of efficiency of the supply chain. The chain of stores owned by Wal-Mart is extremely successful only due to the ability of the company in the distribution of the merchandise from that of a huge network of distribution centers that are modern and are in turn served by means of truck fleet that is closed-door. Wal-Mart has also been highly efficient in the maintenance of a good position in terms of the instock and also in the filling of th e shelves that are in the new stores being established by the company every year. This is evident from the fact that though Wal-Mart has augmentd its sales by 30 in a time of two years, there was only a 12 percent increase in the inventory value at the cost of replacement in the same period of time (The Bay Area Economic Forum, 2003). Hence the strategy of leveraging a chain of supply for the purpose of restricting of the growth of the inventory continue to be followed by the company and during the first quarters resulted in a 14 percent increase of the inventories and a subsequent 3 percent increase in the inventories. Wal-Mart was also highly efficient and capable of investing in distribution capacities that are new and particularly this is true in case of the foods interchange which is one of the areas responsible for a major portion of the growth shown by the company. The first centre for distribution of food by Wal-Mart located at Clarksville is only 10 years and there are tw elve other centers for food distribution which are very new (Economist, 2006).WAL-MART IN INDIAWal-Marts entry into IndiaThe nation of India is very different from the other nations in many ways. Being aware of the historic challenges and changes that have shaped the nation, the Indian government as well as the private sector existing in India have been taking rapid steps for the better shaping of the retail sector that is evolving at a rapid pace. Hence the changes taking place in the sector of retail should be considered keenly by the retailing giants. In the structure of the Indian retail transformations are continually being introduced and it is expected that the retail sector would grow towards 635 billion dollars by the end of the year 2015. The growth of the Indian population compounded by the escalation in the disposable incomes of the people of India is the basis for this boom in the sector of retail. Particularly the retailing of food is experiencing growth by leaps and bo unds and the Grocery and Food part contributes to around 60 percent of the whole of the market of India (Franklin 2001).It was in the year 2005 that Wal-Mart began to look for ways to venture into India.. This was possible due to the decision of the Indian government to relax the regulations pertaining to the spreading of foreign direct investment in India. The initial plan of Wal-Mart was the launching of whole sale stores in the country by means of joint ventures by the year 2008. it also had the initial target of expanding to over 75 nations in time of 7 years. But since the company faced a lot of opposition from the Indian side, they had to hold up their plans. However in the year 2008, there were three stores opened by Bharti retail in the tell of Punjab under the name of Easy days. Sunil Mittal from Bharti also mentioned that the local markets would be the source of over 90 percent of the goods and this combined operation would also lead to Wal-Mart increase its sourcing at the global level from the nation of India. The aim of the joint venture between Bharti and Wal-Mart is that Bharti would supply Wal-Mart with the products it buys directly from that of the agriculturists, artisans and craftsmen (Goetz and Swaminathan, 2006).The challenges facing Walmart in IndiaIndia was rated as one of the top international investment destination in 2005 amongst 30 other emerging markets that were short-listed for mass merchant and food retailers who wished to internationalize (Business Credit, 2006). Compared to other countries, India is seen as a promptly accelerating economy whose gross domestic product (GDP) is rising at an average annual rate of about 7.5 percent continuously for the past three years (Choi, 2006 Economist, 2006) while its retail market has witnessed a growth of 10 percent on average (Business Credit, 2006). It is stated that the Indian retail market with a hump of $250 billion annually, is actually the worlds eighth largest market and it is expected that this will reflect a growth of more than 7% yearly (Dutt, 2005). These factors reflect that it is the strong economic conditions of the country that draw the attention of companies such as Wal-Mart who are interested in starting operations in the Indian retail market.Despite deregulations which have seen the rapid rise of the Indian economy, the retail economy is protected from foreign competition as rules disallow direct foreign investment in this sector. The multi-brand retailers cannot invest directly in the country and are not even allowed to open and operate their own stores (Kravilanz, 2006). This rule has forced Wal-Mart to enter into a partnership venture with Bharti Enterprises, which in turn is an Indian business group that is a leader in countrys telecom sector. This joint venture between Wal-Mart and Bharti has resulted in them managing the supply chain together while it is Bharti Enterprises that will act as franchisees to conduct the retail operations (La kshman, 2006 Mukherjee, 2006). This particular model in India that has been selected by Wal-Mart will throw open likely challenges pertaining to ownership as well as internalization dimensions of the model. This particular model is not the way Wal-Mart operates in other countries such as Germany and South Korea. Thus the company needs to take care that the definition of the model is in tandem with the partnership entered into with Bharti as well as the forces that are associated with Wal-Marts definitive operating model. There have been cases wherein partnerships have failed. This would require Wal-Mart not only to manage its joint -venture closely but simultaneously work patiently with Bharti. Wal-Mart also needs to protect well the huge amount of supply chain and information technology intellectual property that it has introduced in the joint venture. As far as India is concerned this is a big challenge and there is a requirement on part of Wal-Mart to comprehend in detail manag ing the relation in this context at least.As far as the location is concerned, the size of market undoubtedly makes India an attractive destination which however is limited by many facets that need to be managed in order to ensure success. The present population of India is more than a billion. Despite having a large population that is relatively poor, the strength of Indias middle class population is around 300,000,000 people, which makes the number much larger in comparison to the total US population (Choi, 2006 Economist, 2006). This will prove positive to Wal-Mart as it has a large potential to which it usually caters to.The Indian market may be large but is typically characterized by intricate variety and difference. The complexity is clearly visible by differences that exist in religion, language, dialect, value system, food habit, economic buying power, clothing selection, fabric, tradition, and access to transportation. Indeed markets in India represent of several sub-mark ets. The main factor will be how successful Wal-Mart is in segmenting the market as per different facets. The ability of Wal-Mart to build merchandise that is local and its ability to locate and supply approximately 75,000 products that are usually sold in a typical supercenter will be put to test (Dutt, 2005). The standards of Indian shoppers are difficult to meet as the Indian middle class customer is usually a value-conscious shopper. This is clearly reflected in the Indian customers mindset of expecting products that meet global standards albeit at process those are Indian.

An Analysis of Narrative Style of Leo Lionnis Frederick Essay

An Analysis of Narrative Style of Leo Lionnis Frederick Frederick, a childrens book written by Leo Lionni, is considered a classic in this genre. It received the Caldecott Honor, was an ALA Not adequate Childrens Book, and was a New York Times Best Illustrated Childrens Book of the Year. The book is a fable of a mouse, Frederick, who is the dreamer in a group of tiny field mice. Frederick, the main character, demonstrates the importance of dreams and imagination by giving his fellow field mice a feeling of comfort through his memories of warmth, color, and words during a drab cold winter. Through Fredericks supply of memories, the mice were able to make it through a hard time. Through the narrative style and structure, Lionni finds a way for children and adults alike to find a message on their profess and learn from someone as small as a tiny field mouse.Frederick is written in a third persons percentage point of view. The narrator is not Frederick or one of the other field m ice in the story, but rather an outside person, or perhaps a mouse, who tells the story. By express the sto...

commercial art :: essays papers

commercial guileThe contemporary commercial art and architectural plan of today has no doubt been created through the heavy influences of 20th century art. Most corporations who advertise on a large scale look stomach to the most influential art of the ago century when creating their ads. Its almost impossible to walk the city streets without being bombarded by billboards with crafty designs and catchy phrases. With a slender research though, its fairly easy to find that the basis of this commercial art can be found in the art of the last one degree centigrade years. Cartoons come first to mind when thinking about the different ways 20th century art have impacted modern day art and design. Long before I saw the original American Gothic by Grant Wood, I laughed at a portrait of Bugs Bunny and Daffy prorogue standing together in front of a farm house with pitch fork in hand. Most cartoons seem to have an underlying body fluid meant to be understood by even the most articu late and intellectual adult, while at the same time being simplistic enough to look upon a small child. Cartoonists successfully accomplish this by being well read and educated in myth, history and art. Advertising agencies must be and as well educated in order to create influential advertisements that will impact consumers. De Stijl created by Peit Mondrian has without a doubt been one of the most favorite designs incorporated into todays commercial art. On almost every bottled hair care product from Loreal is a composed set of lines complete with red, yellow and blue squares, expressing big similarities to De Stijl. Tommy Hilfiger uses clean lines and the three primary colors in all of his advertisements as well as on his signature label which also mimic the way of Peit Mondrian. While visiting a museum and studying a Mondrian, most of the general public repeatedly remarks to how his paintings look as if anyone could do them. However, using the same nice logic and redes igning his work on a bottle of hairspray or a t-shirt, the public becomes awe-stricken and then rushes out in a mad fury to obtain this stylish product which is actually based on the same style of art which if hung in a museum looks to them like something anyone could make. Advertisers look also to the photography of the past century when designing ads for magazines.

Exploring the Role of Women in Mexico in Like Water For Chocolate Essay

Like Water For Chocolate by Laura Esquivel explains womens lineaments in northern Mexico during the turn of the nineteenth century. The novel takes place in northern Mexico on a family ranch where many family traditions are carried out. Also, the novel describes some of the typical foods that were prepared and fiestas that were celebrated in the Mexican culture around this time. However, the novel generally focuses on the roles of females in Mexican society at that time. The novel goes beyond explaining womens roles and also explains what took place in the Mexican family. Throughout the novel, readers learn the role of mothers, the conflict between personal desires and tradition, and typical foods, celebrations, and family traditions that were important to a Mexican family. The background of an author plays a significant role in the reason he or she writes a novel. The story is often written about his or her culture. Laura Esquivel, a novelist, teacher, and screenwriter, was born in Mexico City, Mexico. Laura Esquivel was born the third of four children to a conservative family. The biography of Laura Esquivel from The Biography Channel website states that, Laura Esquivel often explores the relationship between men and women in Mexico in her work it is obvious by the way Esquivel describes the traditional roles of two men and women in Mexico that her background played a large part in her work (Laura Esquivel). Laura Esquivels novels are still loved and cherished forthwith due to her creative flair and style in her work (Laura Esquivel). Laura Esquivel found her inspiration for her novel from her personal experience and hands on time in the kitchen. In writings of Developing Nations for Students, there is a section regar... ... Luis Alberto Vargas. n.p. Westport, Conn. Greenwood Press, 2005., 2005. Tri-County Tech Colleges Catalog. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.Mujica, Barbara. Like Water for Chocolate, (book review). Americas 45.4 (July-Aug. 1993) 60. Rpt. in Lite rature of Developing Nations for Students Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Literature of Developing Nations. Ed. Elizabeth Bellalouna, Michael L. LaBlanc, and Ira Mark Milne. Vol. 2. Detroit Gale Group, 2000. Literature Resource Center. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.Salisbury, Joyce E. and Andrew E Kersten. Eras / 20th one C Latin America / Family Life in 20th Century Latin America. Daily Life through History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.Standish, Peter, Steven M. Bell. Social Life, Leisure, and Food. Culture and Customs of Mexico. Santa Barbara, CA Greenwood, 2004. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Web. 5 Feb 2014.

Response to Goerge Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers

Upon my reading of the novel 1984, I was fascinated by George Orwells vision of the future. Orwell describes a world so extreme that a question comes to mind, asking what would encourage him to write such a novel. 1984 took place in the future, but it seemed like it was happening in the past. George Orwell was born in 1903 and died in 1950 he has seen the horrific tides of World War and . As I got deeper into this novel I began to see similar events of world history built into 1984. The main liaison I byword in this book that brought me back to historical events, was the control of people for corrupt and selfish purposes. At the end of World War japan began to capture areas in Asia and the Pacific that had valuable materials such as coconut copra, rubber and quartz. The inhabitants of captured territories where more or less given the status of slaves. I saw the same events taking place in 1984 wars were being fought in disputed areas which contain valuable goods, but the main r eason for war was for cheap slave labor. When Winston and Julia are in Mr. Charringtons room Julia brings out a surprise Its real tea. Not blackberry leaves. Theres been a hoi polloi of tea about lately. Theyve captured India, or something, (1) Oceania is a world where quantity is more important than quality and quality goods are hard to get a deferral of because it is reserve for greedy inner party members. Another instance of a concept that brings me back to historical events is the strong connection between the Oceanian society and the German Nazi society. After World War Germany was still in a stage of depression, Adolf Hitler promised a way out. So he began his brainwashing campaign and use saddle speakers and radio broadcasting. He started destroying books that opposed his views and murdered people that stood in his way to power. To keep control over society the inner party in any case used the same tactics. They formed a secret organization (known as the brotherhood) to stop any treat to the party. And built departments (Ministry of Love, Truth and Plenty) to keep the party in power, the party even eliminates or re-writes parts of history if needed. During World War communication improved, Hitler came to power by using communication he used load speakers, radio broadcasting and slogans to promote his views.

Feminism in Chaucer’s Wife of Bath Essay -- Wife of Bath Essays

Women in the medieval times were cast into very distinct roles. There was a strict code of conduct that was followed. They were to be submissive to their husbands and follow their lead. A fair sexs place was also in the home and the responsibilities of cooking, cleaning, sewing, etc. fell into their domain. Women who deviated from these cultural-set norms made for interesting characters. Chaucers utilize of women and their overstepping their boundaries and typical roles in society make them most memorable.Most of the gender expectations stemmed from the Church and biblical history. There were many anti-feminist feelings due to Eve causation the fall of Man. Women were perceived to be responsible for most of the suffering to man, and were therefore inferior and to be dominated by their husbands and men in general. The courtly gentlewoman of medieval poetry has much in common with the images of the Virgin (Martin xiv). Chastity, purity, and holiness, were all associated with th e expectations of women from role models such as the Virgin Mary type-cast women into a saintly role. Becaexercising women were eyeshot to have caused so much suffering on behalf of mankind, they were to be controlled, held in check and not exhibit any outward signs of defiance or botheration for themselves. Their purpose in life was to serve others at their own expense.There were typical male traits, and these had a more(prenominal) positive connotation to them. In the interest list of terms, the first are meant to be masculine and the second to be feminine limit and unlimited, odd and even, one and plurality, right and left, male and female, resting and moving, straight and curved, aerial and darkness, good and bad, square and oblong (Cox 8). The more desired traits like the obvious light and good, were saved for the traditional male. These ideas stem from the Aristotelian paradigm, and are tenacious with gender roles in Chaucers world. The Wife of Bath was expected to have the feminine traits, but she would not accept that. Why should the positive traits be reserved only for men? Being born a woman should not automatically exempt a woman from being cast into a more positive position within society.What makes Chaucers characters so unique and unforgettable is that he cast them outside of these roles. Bordering on the controversial but lightened by his use of humor, his characters... ...f Bath, we see an individual who is willing to express that idea. Her courage to defy the traditional concepts as set by her peers does not intimidate her, and she boldly stands up for what she believes in, public or not. Another strong feminist aspect to her is that she feels no need to be justified or have approval for her decisions and lifestyle. Just because she is a woman does not limit her choices in her life, and neither her gender nor her decisions make her inferior. Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale. The No rton Anthology English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. 7th ed. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 2001. Cox, Catherine S. Gender and lecture in Chaucer. Florida University Press of Florida,1997. Hallissy, Margaret. Clean Maids, True Wives, Steadfast Widows Chaucers Women and Medieval Codes of Conduct. Westport, Ct Greenwood Press, 1993. Jennings, Patrick. Online Webct posting. 18 April 2004. Mann, Jill. Feminizing Chaucer. Cambridge D.S. Brewer, 2002.Martin, Priscilla. Chaucers Women Nuns, Wives and Amazons. London TheMacmillan Press Ltd, 1990.