Metacognition an Example of the Topic Education and science by

Metacognition by Expert Dr. Grave Writer | 14 Dec 2016 Metacognition comes as a focal point of scholastic examination concentrate by numerous researchers. It is a significant part of human psychological hypothesis that draws a nearby connection on the procedure of an understudies realizing who task best learning fixing. It makes to a student the best method of techniques that would furnish the most important learning abilities with which the mastery of learning between various students can along these lines are separated. All things considered, the pertinence of metacognition in basic matured understudies is basic as an instrument that shapes the impacts of their learning procedure. As such a fundamental instrument, it gives influential aptitudes that help to advance vital condition that oversee perusing for learning process. This is an essential impact that gives content territory proficiency to matured understudies. Need paper test on Metacognition subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue Through metacognition, matured understudies are furnished with the mindfulness with which they have inside their psychological procedures. This consequently designs their capacity towards checking, managing and guiding themselves towards the ideal closures of learning process. His/her exhibit of metacognition is the point at which he/she can properly verbalize the fundamental systems which he/she utilized in perusing and understanding a content. As indicated by researchers, metacognition has been an essential device with which perusers can control and furthermore screen their status of perception about a progressing perusing for learning process, which therefore touches off a modification in their common methodologies in such perusing. This is planned for giving a greatest status towards cognizance Ordinarily thusly, metacognition can be characterized as the information about a people condition of the psychological procedure or somewhere else everything that can possibly be identified with the procedure. This is the thing that portrays the impact with which distinctive matured students delineate quest for contrast in their learning undertakings. Appropriately, various students in such various ages grow new procedures towards there deduction process. The degree of speculation will in general increment in its mindfulness towards the intuition procedure as individuals become more seasoned. It accentuates the dynamic guideline and observing of the students intellectual procedure. This procedure incorporates language learning, assessment, arranging and critical thinking. Extensively, content zone proficiency by matured understudies includes catching the crucial parts of metacognition that would in this way give them an honor on proper reasoning procedure. This is the motor that drives such matured students the foundation condition towards perusing for learning. Subsequently, metacognition comprehends the significant pretended by perusing in forming the modalities of learning. It characterizes different parts of perusing, for example, perceptions, assessment, critical thinking, arranging, understanding content language and different viewpoints that foundation perusing as a focal column learning process. (Cathy, Andrea, 2007) By and large, perusing scores maybe the most significant part towards the learning procedure. It is a motor that expresses writings and appreciations into a fitting way with which the student can process and root out the most significant center subject of the content. In any case, significance ought to be joined in the understanding procedure with the goal that it can give the most ideal size of learning. Typically, this would include the psychological procedure foundation of metacognition, which instruments a possible system for such a learning procedure Specially, metacognition offers a far reaching space that grasps on perusing as a significant device in content region education for matured students. The metacognitive procedures of perusing in such substance territories suggest the strategies with which a student can peruse and thus get his/her understanding writings. The portrayal of perusing writings is both in verifiable data and multisyllabic words that are specialized. This represents the authenticity of metacognition in content territory proficiency. Somewhere else, descriptive substance perusing writings are organized in a way that can be near and differentiating, sequencing and causing impact in their learning procedure. The essential guideline of metacognition in the substance zone learning for matured understudies that give a fundamental apparatus to perusing for adapting in this way sets a wide cost of angles. In reality be that as it may, the job and impact of metacognition in content region education is to a great extent deterministic towards the extent of perusing effect on learning (Brenda, 1993) Be that as it may, an elaborate procedure with which the metacognitive aptitudes for use in perusing for learning catches an arrangement of techniques. All things considered along these lines, the metacognitive procedure of substance region education consolidates a convincing collaboration of the student/perusers with the content in all the various degrees of the understanding procedures. A powerful perusing for learning in content region education ought to furnish a benchmark procedure with which the peruser draws on his/her earlier information, setting the understanding reason and somewhere else envisions the applicable inquiries that would ascend from the understanding procedure. The metacognitive procedure gives authentic systems that guarantee intelligent procedure to give the most verifiable extent of perusing for learning process. At the understanding procedure, the student utilizes techniques for word distinguishing proof, which incorporates syllabication and basic investigation. This aides in translating setting signs and multisyllabic words for designing out the different implications associated to specialized terms. It ought to include perusing between text lines and draw the most fitting deductions. Reflection is the thing that comes in the wake of perusing which helps in combining different thoughts got from various sources which would assist with giving further understandings. (Zhiui, Beverly, 1999) Through metacognition forms, the peruser draws the necessities and capacities inside the content. For genuine substance territory proficiency, metacognition gives three levels that are fundamental instruments in giving the most proper condition of perusing for learning in matured students. At the primary level, a student should peruse and sufficiently comprehend the essential real data held by the understanding content. Besides is the inferential state with which he/she would peruse between text lines which helps in getting sense the thoughts by associating their insight and the encounters learnt previously. Thirdly, an assessment of the data scholarly is never really structure and reach applicable determinations that would therefore help him/her to create perspectives based on this data (Timothy, Bernett, 2002) Metacognition in this manner gives the essential systems to content region education in matured students. Nonetheless, the job of the instructor in giving directions towards these techniques gives huge impacts through preparing to regular guidelines. The metacognitive procedure in this way draws various methodologies, which a decent peruser utilizes in perusing real messages. It gives techniques, for example, addressing deriving, associations, envisioning, incorporating decide significance and assessing towards text meaning. For the most part in this manner, metacognition in setting territory contemplates give two procedures that happen all the while. These are giving a significant condition of progress observing in the learning procedure just as adjusting and rolling out new improvements that suit ideally your understanding techniques. Metacognition in this point of view in this way penetrates for self-duty in perusing for learning, self-reflection, objective setting, activity and the board of a perusers/students time. Such metacognition aptitudes would along these lines catch the factors that administer cognizant control in the learning procedure, choosing systems and arranging, observing the learning progress, dissecting learning viability, amending blunders and conduct (Brenda, 1993) The auxiliary improvement of fruitful learning through metacognition methodologies for content territory proficiency in this way catches different viewpoints. At one level, it looks to burrow for the objectives of the student in the understanding procedure. This is equal to the degree of inspiration towards achieving such objectives. Somewhere else, it gives a pre-origination of what a student could definitely think about a similar region of study. This is through an evaluation of the earlier information that could be held by him/her about the particular content of study. Thusly, a student approximates the most ideal number he/she ought to assign time timetable and needs. A student likewise needs to work out the most judicious techniques which can be utilized in the investigation procedure for the best score in the tried tests. Immediately in this manner, the significance of metacognitive procedures in content zone education for matured students stays certain. This is on the grounds that the more aptitudes towards metacognitive methodologies furnish them with hypothetical certainty that make them in being increasingly autonomous in the learning procedure. Such learning freedom suggests self possession in the students learning process in understanding the scholarly limits. Metacognitive aptitudes are what give students the capacities of turning out to be acceptable students. Subsequently, the students are furnished with the most real philosophies for developing, misusing and improving a self-propelled learning process that bears additionally perusing for learning brings about substance territory education Reference Brenda, An and Eleanor, A (1993) Construct Validation of Metacognition. Diary of Psychology, Vol.42 Cathy , B and Andrea, W (2007) Enhancing Content Literacy in Physical Education. Diary of Physical Education Vol.72 Timothy, J and Barnett, S (2002) Applied Metacognition. Cambridge University Press Zhiui, F s Literate Behavior. Diary of Research in Childhood Education, Vol.13

The two heroes of industrialization

The Two Heroes of Industrialization During the late 1800s, numerous individuals started to begin their own organizations. Two of the most renowned business visionaries, Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, were the most prestige of these individuals. Their prosperity is seen through all the things that are named after them †the Carnegie Library, Carnegie Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Center, and some more. In spite of the fact that they may appear to be a lot of the same, these two businesspeople share contrasts as well.Despite the way that Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller picked up their situation in two assorted manners, the two of them had celebrated organizations with malcontented laborers. These industrialists positively got to where they were in two totally different ways. Carnegie is celebrated for going from â€Å"rags to wealth. † He characterizes the American Dream. Beginning as a worker, he worked for the Penns ylvania Railroad Company. He was then advanced, and had the option to purchase stock. From the speculation cash, he began his own organization †Carnegie Steel Company.From there, he proceeded to be an ealthy business person and giver. Rockefeller, then again, accomplished his situation In a progressively sensible way. Along with others, he framed unlawful trusts. Fortunately, it end up being a triumph. His riches originated from his acclaimed organization, Standard 011 Company. After the establishing of his organization, he offered oil at low costs In request to drive out his rivals, at that point once he had a restraining infrastructure, he would raise the cost once more. Rockefeller ends up being model for monetary achievement. Since these Industrialists had enormous organizations, they required specialists to run them.Carnegie and Rockefeller didn't pay them much, or, more than likely It wouldnt be productive. The laborers had six to multi day work weeks, no occasions or rel axes, and needed to come to take a shot at days off. The Injuries were normal, for a large number of the laborers were Inexperienced. The workers now were unsatisfied, and needed to go to bat for themselves. They shaped worker's organizations In request to battle the organizations. A couple of individuals kicked the bucket due to the assault between the laborers and organizations. Carnegie and Rockefeller both experienced workers' grumblings, disappointment, and aggression.These two specialists arrived at their monetary accomplishment In not at all like ways, yet both had famous organizations and disappointed laborers. Without their endeavors, the world wouldn't be the place It Is at the present time. Because of them and their commitments, numerous organizations, universities, and associations have been set up. Rockefeller, then again, accomplished his situation in a progressively sensible way. victory. His riches originated from his well known organization, Standard Oil Company. Af ter the establishing of his organization, he offered oil at low costs so as to drive out hisSince these industrialists had enormous organizations, they required specialists to run them. Carnegie and Rockefeller didn't pay them much, or, in all likelihood it wouldn't be beneficial. come to take a shot at days off. The wounds were normal, for a considerable lot of the laborers were unpracticed. The workers now were unsatisfied, and needed to go to bat for themselves. They shaped worker's guilds so as to fght the organizations. A couple of individuals These two representatives arrived at their financial achievement in not at all like ways, yet both wouldn't be the place it is at this moment. On account of them and their commitments, numerous

Staff Planning and Recruitment †Business Research Paper (300 level Course)

Staff Planning and Recruitment †Business Research Paper (300 level Course) Free Online Research Papers Staff Planning and Recruitment Business Research Paper (300 Level Course) Each organization advances from where it once began. Change is an unavoidable part all things considered. Very much organized companies envision and remember changes for their conjecture. Organizations must set themselves up for industry patterns, increment in requests and turnover. SMC is an organization that fabricates ergonomic office hardware needing authoritative rebuilding so as to fulfill an expansion in need. Our primary regions of concern will be the assembling, tasks and client care territories that will getting rebuilding. Because of the way that the demografic around SMC is 90% caucasion, the organization will address governmental policy regarding minorities in society issues and set objectives inside the organization to satisfy necessities. Likewise, SMC will utilize new enlistment strategies, for example, broadly educating, work shadowing and electronic enrollment in the company’s nearby intranet. These adjustments in initiative and enrollment should position SMC to have the option to deal with and keep up elevated levels of interest. Because of a 100% expansion on creation request, SMC will actualize a staffing plan to suit the increment in gracefully and request and effectively convey items to its customer base. The fundamental divisions influenced in the staffing plan are Manufacturing, Operations, and Customer Service. Investigation of work gracefully and request discovered corporate changes will be required, which incorporate, yet not restricted to, making new positions, upsizing creation staff and offering inner advancements to the present staff. These progressions are important for SMC to fulfill the present need and get ready for future development. After assessing the workforce usage of the leaving work power, SMC HR found the organization doesn't consent to governmental policy regarding minorities in society necessities. SMC HR will set objectives and timetables for meeting consistence and bring the organization out from underutilization. HR will utilize work organizations that give a different worker pool in which to decision their ability. The present requirement for upsizing will be a chance to recruit from a more extensive work pool and get greater assorted variety; this will help with growing a sound organization. SMC HR decided so as to make the present interest fruitful the Manufacturing Department will require two full time administrators, one for the day move and one for the night move, alongside six Team Leaders. Client assistance will require an extra two representatives to help field calls because of the expansion in client base. With new initiative and around 30 new line workers, the company’s representativ e appearance will change drastically. The Manufacturing Department will require the production of further Team Leader positions. The Team Leaders will deal with preparing the impermanent creation laborers, setting timetables to guarantee creation objectives and expectations are on time. The proportion of Team Leader to line specialist will be 15 to 1. Two Supervisors will currently lead assembling to help the expansion in representatives. These progressions will situate the organization for future extension throughout the following year, which the HR figure predicts. Another change the HR office is initating is without precedent for organization history, representatives will be broadly educated in numerous work communities in the plant. The progressions will build the company’s recourses and make SMC arranged for startling circumstances which may emerge that influence cutoff times. Moreover, these progressions give the current SMC staff an open door for headway and occupation development. Advancing from inside makes the organization an increasingly alluring work environment and the organization will in all likelihood hold its accomplished representatives. Extending employment opportunity progression spares the organization time and cash; the two items the organization can't stand to lose with the present extension. This redesign in hierarchical structure additionally constructs assurance with the present staff and makes them all the more ready to prepare and work with the new representatives. Recruiting transitory staff will be a significant piece in the HR plan. Since recruiting new representatives is opportune and costly, it will profit the organization to pull from an impermanent pool. After an assessment of the impermanent staff’s work execution, the top entertainers will situate themselves for stable situations with SMC. The impermanent pool will be a decent asset to maneuver dexterous ability into the organization after they have labored for 90 days as agreement workers. The arrangement will assess patterns that will proceed later on and as needs be recruit changeless workers for the time being. After guaging the interest for work through pattern examination, the organization can meet the expansion underway objectives by offering extra time to current representatives. Extra time will lessen the quantity of fresh recruits and preparing time. Truly the present staff has indicated extraordinary enthusiasm for additional time pay and performed incredibly well. Driving markers likewise foresee the organization should expand current staff by half in all offices throughout the following year to oblige future development. Deciding work gracefully mirrors the present work power. Since the organization has negligible turnover and doesn't envision scaling down. With the important authority set up, the organization will arrive at the objectives and not lose quality or client assistance. At SMC, the expansion sought after for our ergonomic office gear expects the executives to think of a representative enlistment technique that centers around rapidly giving qualified staffing arrangements. The SMC’s (HR) specialist, who teams up with the administration staff, will follow a conventional work process that gives methodology to posting, publicizing, meeting, choosing, recruiting and arranging the new representative. The HR consultant’s job in enlistment is essential on the grounds that the individual fills in as a vital colleague to senior administration. HR additionally gives direction in deciding the best and proficient enrollment and maintenance techniques, just as different aspects of work force related issues. As a result of SMC’s decent variety challenges, HR will concentrate on drawing in a progressively different work power for the up and coming staffing develop. The sorts of positions for which SMC will center for this enlistment are in the territories of client care, tasks, and assembling. Despite the fact that the base instruction prerequisite for each position is a secondary school confirmation or a graduation equivalency certificate, HR will endeavor to target candidates who have insignificant innovation experience for the client assistance and tasks positions. Client support and activity will make up a little level of new representatives while the assembling division requests a higher number of workers since its essential capacity is an immediate connection of item yield. SMC’s HR office will think about every appropriate actuality while staffing for this expansion sought after. SMC’s business promoting sources and spending will depend on a few factors. Position level, work prerequisites, and present place of employment showcase issues, for example, the business rate for the distinguished positions, and neighborhood or provincial industry principles for pay and remunerations for similar positions are instances of these factors. SMC’s HR division will consider these and numerous different issues while deciding pay and wages for each new position. While selecting remotely, SMC will depend generally on conventional methods for promoting openings for work by using the neighborhood papers ordered advertisements segment and transitory staffing answers for fill the assembling positions. SMC will likewise focus on the staffing offices that have a high minority populace as it tries to differentiate its staff. For client care and activities, SMC will utilize a mechanical methodology by selecting on work presenting sites on pull in representatives who are more innovation centered. Electronic selecting is a strategy distinguished by Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart and Wright (2004). SMC will likewise direct a progression of occupation fairs to get a speedy beginning on enlisting. Neighborhood TV and radio broadcasts will fill in as the hotspot for advising the general population about the activity fair’s dates and times. Utilizing radio broadcasts that take into account minority networks is another way SMC centers around improving its workforce decent variety. For interior selecting, representatives are urged to use the inward activity presenting technique on seek after further professional success and vocation change openings inside SMC. SMC’s HR will post new position openings day by day on the company’s intranet site and hands on posting board found simply outside the HR office. The postings on the intranet site are a practical apparatus to help with the expansion popular for staffing. Qualified candidates are dependent upon interior audit of representative records before directing conventional meetings. Inner candidates that get horrible showing assessments and have a negative representative history don't meet all requirements for talk with status. All in all, SMC will build the interest of yield needs by 100%. SMC will actualize a hierarchical rebuilding so as to meet the expansion in client request. The accompanying divisions assembling, activities, and client assistance will be rebuilt to profit SMC’s representative productivity and adequacy. SMC will expand staff by half in all divisions throughout the following year to oblige future development. SMC staffing plan will oblige the vital staff for the required offices by actualizing an association graph for every office. The Staffing plan will comprise of broadly educating, recruiting second move director, and rearranging workers to group leads for authority. The Staffing plan will make open doors for cognizance representatives to develop inside the association. SMC will declare the requirement for recently recruited employees t

Helmi Flick :: essays research papers

Helmi Flick lives in Bedford, Texas with her better half, Ken, an independent essayist who likewise does the lighting and feline wrangling for her, in addition to her 4 felines. Having gone through 30 years of her working life in managerial office positions in PCs, medication and law, Flick went to her new vocation by the course a great many people just dream of: by transforming something she wanted to do into another calling. Following quite a while of capturing her own felines and those of companions as an interest, Helmi was empowered by her better half Ken to attempt her hand as a feline show picture taker. Helmi got her first task from the Thunderkatz Cat Club as the show picture taker for their May 2000 T.I.C.A. appear in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Based on her work at that appear, the Thunderkatz club asked Helmi to be their "Official Show Photographer in Perpetuity." By March of 2001, Helmi had figured out how to make sure about the Show Photographer task at 12 shows. Helmi shoots with an advanced camera. "Shooting computerized pictures has been a lifeline for me since felines are not the most agreeable subjects and there are in every case more expendable shots than great ones. Also, in light of the fact that I’m not squandering film, I can bear to shoot unquestionably more pictures of a customer’s feline to get more managers. Furthermore, the "instant" idea of advanced photography empowers my clients to quickly survey the shots I’ve taken and select the ones they like best to be printed. This survey procedure is a gigantic instrument for somebody like me who is as yet learning this art, since I’m ready to find the sorts of shots that proprietors of various varieties like. I ensure that my clients will be happy with their photographs and the computerized approach is an incredible resource there, as well, in such a case that a client doesn't see photographs he/she enjoys in our post-shoot surve y, I can reshoot their feline on the spot." But getting great shots at the show is just the start of conveying extraordinary pictures to her clients. Since Helmi shoots computerized pictures, she has the capacity to shading right, crop, correct and in any case upgrade each photograph on her PC back home. "I can’t overlook that capacity since I need each shot to be the best picture it very well may be, so I wind up investing unquestionably more energy at my PC screen than behind the camera.† The capacity to in a flash investigate and carefully modify her photos doesn't change the aptitude expected to catch delightful pictures of her catlike subjects.

Biography of Pele Essay -- History

Life story of Pele Edson Arantes do Nascimento, all the more generally respected by the world as Pelã ©, was conceived on October 23, 1940, in a little town in Brasil called Trã ªs Cora㠧ã µes in the Brasilian territory of Minas Gerais. He was sanctified through water in the metropolitan church called Igreja da Sagrada Famã ­lia de Jesus, Maria e Josã ©. His dad, Joã £o Ramos do Nascimento, or Dondinho, as he was known in the soccer world, was additionally an expert player. He was notable as extraordinary compared to other heading players in his time. He was a middle forward for Fluminense until a physical issue shielded him from playing proficient division one soccer. His mom Celeste gave Pelã © and the remainder of his family thoughtfulness regarding their requirements and a ton of affection. At the point when he was a kid, Pelã © and his family moved to Baurã º, in the inside of the Brasilian province of Sã £o Paulo, where he figured out how to ace the specialty of futebol. One day he hi mself admitted that he tinha trã ªs cora㠧ã µes [had three hearts], alluding to the city where he was conceived, Trã ªs Cora㠧ã µes, and to Baurã º and Santos. Pelã ©'s Career Pelã ©'s first employment was sparkling shoes. Be that as it may, he had constantly longed for playing soccer. Pelã ©'s soccer vocation began early. In the wake of playing in a couple of beginner groups like Baquinho and Sete Setembro, at 11 years old, while playing for an uncoached group called Ameriquinha, he was found by a previous Brasilian World Cup player named Waldemar de Brito. De Brito perceived Pelã ©'s aptitudes and welcomed him to join the group he was sorting out (Clube Atlã ©tico Baurã º?). When Pelã © was fifteen, in 1956, de Brito took him to the city of Sã £o Paulo to go for the expert club called Santos Futebol Clube (SFC). That day, de Brito told the group executives that This kid will be the best soccer player on the planet. Pelã ©'s first show went ahead September 7, 1956, when he played instead of the middle forward Del Vecchio. He came into the game to score the 6th of the seven objectives in the 7-1 Santos triumph. He scored his objective on the 36th moment, in a play among Raimundinho and Tite. The ball was given to Pelã © in the crate, and despite the fact that he was encircled by protectors, he shot on objective and the ball went under goalkeeper Zaluar's body. Zaluar got popular as the primary goalkeeper to take an objective from the incomparable Pelã ©. From that point, the outing to the highest point was quick. In his first class game with Santos, he scored four objectives. The following season, he was a re... ...ht objectives in a single game against Botafogo of Rio de Janeiro. On November 19, 1969, he scored his well known 1,000th objective from a extra shot on the 34th moment of the game against Vasco da Gama and devoted it ...para as criancinhas pobres do Brasil.... (to the poor little offspring of Brasil) and to the older and enduring people groups of Brasil. Pelã © additionally partook in what is known to be the Brilliant Age of the Libertadores Cup from 1960 to 1963, during which the incomparable Uruguayan group Peã ±arol confronted the unbelievable Santos for the last games. Peã ±arol won in 1960 and 61, while Santos took the title the other two years. Pelã © characterized the job of the playmaker/midfielder type. He drove the absolute most prominent Brasilian players ever - Vavã ¡, Didi, Garrincha, and others. Many said Pelã © would have been the best in any position he played. Pelã © once demanded to the administrator of Santos that he play goalkeeper. On January 19, 1964, he subbed Santos goalkeepr Gilmar, who had been launched out, in the semi-last round of the Brasil Cup. For five minutes, in the wake of scoring three objectives, Pelã © played with the main shirt and made two stupendous recoveries that spared Santos the spot in the finals.

Social Media What Has It Given Us

Social Media What Has It Given Us Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Social Media: What Has It Given Us?Updated On 09/01/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Social MediaShort URL : https://hbb.me/2CGCksG CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIts rather strange to cast our minds back ten or fifteen years ago to the time when Social Media only existed as a breakthrough industry buzzword. It was a time when the notion of a smartphone would have made any technology lover break out in a sweat. When television shows, movies and 240p internet videos were the only video media available. Since then though, social media has become a hallmark of the age in which we live, but what exact use does it have? What has it given us over the years?One of the biggest benefactors of the boom in social media has been businesses. Companies and entrepreneurs, both large and small, have been able to harness the power of centralised networks such as Facebook and Twitter to market and advertise their products and services, reaching potential customers in a way that couldnt have been envisioned in the pre-social media era. Online betting company Coral, for instance, has been able to advertise its many roulette games via its various profiles on these sites, bringing in large volumes of new customers who would otherwise have not thought about playing such games before.The trending sections of many social media sites also have the same effect for companies, however such effects are more nuanced than merely assisting in the provision of advertising. Large companies launching ad campaigns and the like may, if said campaign captures the public imagination, find that their company name is trending. What results is more publicity, more web chatter and increased business as a result. Businesses and individuals that want to take advantage of trends can also keep a watchful eye over the new ideas and topics that social media users are talking about most, geari ng their provision of products, services and promotions towards these ever-changing trends. This effect, of course, can work the other way. Seaworld has been mercilessly brought down by trending stories and scandals in recent years, its rather old-fashioned approach to conservation being set upon by worldly-minded social media users.READ7 Brands With Fans Who Love Them To The CoreThats not to say the trending feature is just beneficial for business though. Experiment, a start-up that acts as a Kickstarter for scientific research, has trended hugely across social media as Universities across the world have partnered up with the company. Day by day, millions more people grow more aware of the start-up, helping it achieve its aims and pushing the company into the public consciousness.Then theres the obvious social benefits of sites such as Facebook, Pintrest and Instagram. People can communicate, organise and socialise in a near-instantaneous fashion, ridding populations of the tedium that came with landlines, letters and pagers and making our interactions far more fast-paced and fluid.Do you think social media is a benefit to humanity? Tell us your thoughts below.

Gender Roles in Different Cultures - Free Essay Example

Gender roles in society have existed for thousands of years and have been essential to the survival of humans. For instance, women in Native American tribes would go out and gather materials, care for the children, make clothing, and prepare the food needed for the tribe in order to survive. Men were expected to go out and hunt wild game, fighting in wars against neighboring tribes and colonizers, crafting tools for said wars, and building. This is only a snippet of what gender roles are in a specific society. Gender roles are very subjective in this day and age because of the progressiveness in our civilization. DEFINITION: Gender roles can be described as the way we act around others in our communities, speak, dress, and behave according to the sex we had been assigned at birth. In the Western culture of within the United States, females are usually expected to act with class, speak properly, be polite, and just be genuinely feminine. For men, they are expected to exert hyper-masculinity by being aggressive, showing strength, and being macho. However, this specific set of rules for women and men is very subjective and applies to most of the Western world. Countries in the Middle East, like Saudi Arabia, have strict gender roles. Women in particular are expected to conduct themselves in a certain way or they face the risk of dishonoring their family and even risk punishments as harsh as death. RESEARCH: Women in Middle Eastern countries rarely are able to participate in politics, walk the streets on their own, or marry who they please. These are the roles of most Middle Eastern women. Only in recent years have some of these expectations have changed. In 2015, Saudi Arabia passed a law stating that women have the right to vote and that same year they were able to run in elections like their male counterparts. Six years later a woman was finally appointed as a government minister. As for marriage, men are able to have multiple wives, but women are not. Divorce for men is as easy as saying I divorce you three times, literally that is how men in Saudi Arabia divorce their wives, but for women the process of divorce is long and painful. The woman loses custody of her sons and/or daughters, if they are a certain age, to her ex-husband. Completely opposite of the gender role ideology of the Islamic society is Ancient Egypt. Women and men were equals and respected the same. Women had the same rights as men. Both sexes held similar positions of power. Of course women were most likely to cook and make clothing while men went out and fought in wars and provide food, but they were still respected in their roles. A woman could be a pharaoh just like a man could. Instead of major gender roles, there were classes. In just about each class the roles between women and men were respected equally APPLICATION: Gender roles definitely play vital role in my life. As a teenage female, I am not allowed to do the same things that teenage males are able to do, for safety reasons. Growing up I wasnt allowed to spend the night with a female friend if she had older brothers. I always had to tell my mother of my new friends family members, who lived with them, and what their gender was. I understood that she was worried about me being taken advantage of, but it was honestly annoying. Girls being overpowered by men. An unfortunate gender role norm for me at that age. Another gender role norm for me is that I am not allowed to walk certain places by myself. I frequently visit North Carolina Central University on the weekends and I must admit that the surrounding area is known for being a little sketchy and dangerous at night. Im not allowed to walk alone around that area so I have to have my boyfriend walk me to and from certain places on campus. 91% of rape victims are female. My chances of being ass aulted, trafficked, and/or abducted are too high to walk the streets alone at night. Thats my gender role norm. If I were a boy that would be different and even my mother said so. As a young woman, my gender role is much different than that of my brothers and/or fathers. I have to be protected 24/7. I have to be alert at all times. I have to face the fact that as a female I am more vulnerable in todays society and I have to be aware of my surroundings majority of the time just to stay safe.

The Great Gatsby America in the 1920s - 2381 Words

Considered as the defining work of the 1920s, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was published in 1925, when America was just coming out of one of the most violent wars in the nation’s history. World War 1 had taken the lives of many young people who fought and sacrificed for our country on another continent. The war left many families without fathers, sons, and husbands. The 1920s is an era filled with rich and dazzling history, where Americans experienced changes in lifestyle from music to rebellion against the United States government. Those that are born into that era grew up in a more carefree, extravagant environment that would affect their interactions with others as well as their attitudes about themselves and societal†¦show more content†¦This was also a time of optimism and desire. Money was a major foundation of society in America. Seeing as the decade was fixated on beauty, power, and wealth, people felt they could forget about their pasts and co uld become anyone they wanted, as though they could become an elite member of economic or social power. Flapper girls were also a new development of lifestyle during this era. Flappers were a new image for women, ditching the old and traditional lifestyle for a new, outlandish one. Being able to cut their hair short, wear short skirts, go out dancing and drinking without a man with them, and begin to speak their minds was a huge thing. From a world where the man is the one in the house that works and the woman stays home and takes care of the home and children to partying and making more carefree and promiscuous choices in their personal lives, this was a fascinating and empowering experience for some women. Though most women certainly did not adapt the extreme party lifestyle, many women at least adopted the fashion style and wore shorter skirts and got their hair cut into the bob style. For the women, being a flapper made them feel independent and powerful, and they freely pra cticed manipulation over rich and morally questionable men using seductive and promiscuous means. Due to the fact that so many peopleShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerlad832 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone in America has their own American Dream. These dreams may vary from having a family or becoming a rich business person. The American dream was strongest in our country during the start of the 1920s. America was just beginning to triumph over poverty. People were becoming more successful as a country. Carrie Latet once said, May I never wake up from the American dream. Along with Carrie, this was the wish of the vast majority of America. In 1929, the Great Depression hit and many AmericansRead More F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesindifference of the 1920s. In his novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald explores many aspects of indifference and flamboyancy. A large influence on this society was the pur suit of the American Dream. Gangsters played a heavily influential role in the new money aristocracy of the 1920s. The indifference was mainly due to the advent of Prohibition in 1920. One major societal revolution in this period was that of the â€Å"new women,† who expressed new actions and beliefs. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald accuratelyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby1327 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is too concerned with conveying a picture of 1920s American society to have relevance to modern readers. From what you have read of the novel so far and using relevant contextual information, give your response to the above view. The USA in the 1920s is remembered as the ‘Roaring Twenties’, an age of new life, of hedonism and opportunity following the horrors the Great War. The decade is synonymous with wealth, materialism and unprecedented freedom. F. ScottRead More Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pages Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald The 1920s is the decade in American history known as the â€Å"roaring twenties.† Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is a reflection of life in the 1920s. Booming parties, prominence, fresh fashion trends, and the excess of alcohol are all aspects of life in the â€Å"roaring twenties.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The booming parties in Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby reflect life in America during the 1920s. Gatsby displays his prominent fortune by throwing grand parties. FromRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1704 Words   |  7 PagesClass structure of the 1920s was based on popularity and how well off people were compared to those around them. F. Scott Fitzgerald illustrates class structure in the book The Great Gatsby through the different characters in different social classes. Fitzgerald gives settings that correspond with the social classes of the characters to better illustrate what environment he placed each character in. The Buchanan’s, Gatsby, and the Wilsons are examples of the different conflicting social classes FitzgeraldRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald992 Words   |  4 PagesJazz Age was a period of great economic, social, and political change happening in the 1920’s. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitz gerald, however, sees in this a time of boundaryless death, and urban decimation. The Great Gatsby is modeled towards the death of the American dream during the 1920’s. Based on the happening of the 1920’s, this model is certainly reasonable. F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby use the motifs of materialism, carelessness, and decay seen in the 1920’s in order to show aRead MoreA Society Without Morals - The Great Gatsby891 Words   |  4 Pagesof the United States of America meaning that America is the land of opportunity and wealth for anyone. However what people fail to understand when they manage to get to America is that, although it is the land of opportunity, an individual is not able to magically go from dirt poor to filthy rich, they have to work for it. Even after working for it many people are disappointed not because they did not get more money, they just did not as much as the expected. In the 1920s this was because of allRead MoreThe Great G atsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1599 Words   |  7 Pagespopular novels is named The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is written to reproduce the environment that Fitzgerald was living in. This semiautobiographical work uses fictitious characters to portray how people around Fitzgerald acted and what the overall theme of America was at this point in time. The years that ensued World War I were known for mass productions of alcohol, grand parties, and greed for money. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald depicts America through Jay Gatsby, expresses the conditionRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Analysis1327 Words   |  6 Pageslifestyles of people living at that time.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald can be viewed as a lens into the 1920s by depicting how different socioeconomic classes lived and the feelings of these different groups of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The 1920s are often referred to as the roaring 20s because it was a prosperous time for America.   This period was was a crucial time for America, socially and politically, and Fitzgerald is able to emulate this in â€Å"The Great Gatsby†.   The tone Fitzgerald utilizes throughoutRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1271 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Dream Essay By: Mary C. Watts In his novel,The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald attempted to explore the American Dream during a corrupt period of the 20’s. In this novel, he wants us to believe that money makes the world go round, or perhaps gets one headed in the right direction. Is it true that an individual can achieve success in life, regardless of family history or social status, if they work hard? Fitzgerald wanted to show the hidden boundaries dividing reality from illusion

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History of Jamaica Essay - 1402 Words

History of Jamaica Columbus discovered Jamaica on May 5, 1494, one year after he heard of the existence of the island. However, the true history of Jamaica begins with the African-Jamaican people who came to the island twenty years after the English took control from the Spaniards. The history of Jamaica can be broken up into different time periods, which were defined by watershed moments or events. Jamaican history begins with the establishment of the native islanders called the Tainos who inhabited the island for hundreds of years before the discoveries of Columbus. (JNHT 1) The Tainos are a subgroup of the Arawak people who were first†¦show more content†¦Today Spanish names still exist in the form of rivers, family names, and towns(JNHT 2). The Spanish implemented a new form of economy on the island based on shipbuilding and repairs in order to maintain the trading post in the Caribbean. Jamaica relied heavily on the trade of fruits and animal skins in order to produce revenues for the Spanish Empire. Jamaica proved to be an unworthy colony for the Spanish because of the lack of prosperity of agriculture. The Spanish remained in power of Jamaica for over 150 years until the invasion of England in 1655. The fleet of Admiral Penn and ground troops of General Venables were able to conquer Jamaica rather quickly although there would be reoccurring invasions by the Spanish in hope of recapturing their territory. England’s 38 ships and 8000 troops forced the Spaniards to flee with little resistance (Carley 27). The English established Port Royal as the main trading post which showed growth under their strict rule. The end of the invasion left no pure blood Tainos remaining on Jamaica. By the end of the Seventeenth Century, Jamaica was established as a prime source of sugar all across the globe. The growth of sugar paved the way for plantations because of the large amount of land needed to produce sugar along with a large labor force that resulted in slaves. The extermination of the native race was small compared to theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Children’s Literature in Jamaica4155 Words   |  17 PagesChildren’s Literature in Jamaica As children in the United States, we grow up listening to the stories of Dr. Seuss and Curious George as we fall off to sleep to the sound of our parent’s voices echoing in our dreams. As we start to grow older and the poetry of Shel Silverstein’s, Where the Sidewalk Ends no longer holds our imagination as much as it did at eight years old, we begin to read stories that are a reflection of the environment we live within. We engaged ourselves in the lives of suchRead MoreJAMAICA history: The history of Jamaica is a rich and vibrant that inspire them to move forward as900 Words   |  4 Pages JAMAICA history: The history of Jamaica is a rich and vibrant that inspire them to move forward as a nation. The original inhabitants of Jamaica are believed to be the Arawaks , also called Tainos. Arawaks came from South America 2,500 years ago and named its island Xaymaca which meant â€Å"land of wood and water†. The Arawaks are simple people by nature. Arawaks were light brown in colour, short and well-shaped with coarse, black hair. Their facesRead MoreHistory Of Bretton Woods System And Jamaica1436 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORY OF BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM AND JAMAICA BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM The Bretton Woods System was formed as a result of the collapse of the Golden Standard and The Great Depression. These closely related events prompted the need to establish an international monetary system, whose main aim was to revive the economies of the Post World War as well as fostering international economic relations that would end inter-war conflicts. Furthermore this historic event took place in July 1944 in New Hampshire wherebyRead More A Political and Cultural History of Jamaica Essay2589 Words   |  11 PagesSituated just south of Cuba in the Caribbean Sea, Jamaica is well known as a popular tourist spot and the birthplace of reggae music. Populated initially by native Arawak Indians, who gave the island its name, â€Å"land of wood and water (Jamaica).† However, this beautiful land’s almost pristine beauty was shattered by outbursts of violence surrounding the 1980 political elections. This fighting was sparked by the people’s mistrust of the ruling socialist party at the time. The reasons for this fightingRead MoreEssay on Jamaica: History, Government, People, Religion1238 Words   |  5 PagesJamaica: History, Government, People, Religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jamaica is a tropical island, located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea. Around the coastlines are beautiful beaches with crystal clear blue-green water. In some respects, this is the majority of what people know about Jamaica. In this orientation text you will better understand Jamaica’s history, the people who live there, the many different religions, geography, and governments that have ruled the land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The land of Jamaica is veryRead More Comparing the History and Culture of The United States and Jamaica 1380 Words   |  6 Pages After visiting the country of Jamaica this past summer, I realized how dissimilar some countries can be from the United States. Jamaica was not unlike the United States in a terrible way, but the disparities made me additionally interested in researching about the beautiful and culture-rich country of Jamaica. Even though the majority of facts about the history and culture of the United States and Jamaica are dissimilar, I was surprised to come across some similarities among these two countriesRead MoreJamaica: Land of Inspiration 858 Words   |  4 PagesJamaica: Land of Inspiration Jamaica is full of diversity. From religion, to ancestry, and even geography, Jamaica is always evolving. From the towering mountains all the way to the warm and sandy beaches, Jamaica is a sight to see. However, Jamaica was not always a happy and carefree place. The Jamaican people have suffered from war, disease, and slavery. Jamaica is a small and beautiful country that thrives with culture and should be studied by everyone around the world. Geography and Climate Read MoreJamaican History Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesJamaica: History, Government, People, Religion Jamaica is a tropical island, located in the heart of the Caribbean Sea. Around the coastlines are beautiful beaches with crystal clear blue-green water. In some respects, this is the majority of what people know about Jamaica. In this orientation text you will better understand Jamaicas history, the people who live there, the many different religions, geography, and governments that have ruled the land. The land of Jamaica is very small. TheRead MoreComparison Between Jamaica and India1742 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: JAMAICA INDIA: A COMPARISON Jamaica India: A Comparison Abstract The paper provides a comparative analysis of Jamaica and India. Several important aspects of each countrys culture and history are examined. The paper assesses the risk and the advantage of conducting business with countries with histories of imperial rule and civil struggle. After providing a brief, yet comprehensive view of each country, the paper ultimately concludes that any business conducted with any countryRead More Jamaica Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesheart of the Greater Antilles. History tells that the enslaved island once known to its natives as â€Å"Xaymeca†, has come a long way in becoming the independent nation known today as Jamaica. In the Sea of many islands known as the West Indies, Jamaica stands peaceful, welcoming tourist and expanding rapidly. From an early age my passion for the island and its culture has grown strong. From a brief history, through a look into the present day culture and society of Jamaica, my fascination with the island

The Causes of Prohibition (America 1920s) - 848 Words

Why was prohibition introduced in America in the 1920? When federal prohibition was introduced in America with the 18th Amendment to the constitution in 1919 and the Volstead Act in 1920, it was often termed ‘The Nobel Experiment’. It didn’t take long for most people to recognise that the experiment had gone terribly wrong and that it was fostering what it was supposed to eradicate, crime, excess and corruption. But the question is why it was introduced in America in 1920 and to understand this issue, one has to look at the groups that campaigned against the American drinking culture, such as the Anti-Saloon League, as well as the general situation and the public opinion in America, including the fear of immigration. One of the groups†¦show more content†¦Another reason for the introduction of prohibition was the issue of immigration and race. Many Americans and WASPs in particular associated immigrants with the drinking culture, especially the Irish and immigrants from the South, like Italians. This made them support prohibition as they feared that immigration would have negative economic effects and that immigrants would import revolutionary ideas, such as communism. Also Southern landowners wanted to prevent black labourers from getting distracted by drinks. And in addition eugenics became popular in US in the 1920s and their idea was that alcoholic genes could be passed down to the next generation, thus weakening the American race. Finally the situation after World War I created the perfect environment for such a radical change introduced on a federal level. Government interventionism and limiting the people’s freedom seemed more acceptable as there had been many restrictions. This meant that prohibition on a federal level would have probably been seen as too interventionist a measure, if it had been proposed at a different time making the First World War a necessary condition for the introduction of prohibition. Therefore the reason for the introduction of federal prohibition in America in 1920 was the fact that on the one hand there was a wide range of groups campaigning for temperance and against alcohol,Show MoreRelatedEssay on prohibition1665 Words   |  7 Pages Prohibition, which was also known as The Noble Experiment, lasted in America from 1920 until 1933. There are quite a few results of this experiment: innocent people suffered; organized crime grew into an empire; the police, courts, and politicians became increasingly corrupt; disrespect for the law grew; and the per capita consumption of the prohibited substance—alcohol—increased dramatically, year by year. These results increased each of the thirteen years of this Noble Experiment, and they neverRead More absolut Failure Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages The 1920’s was a time of major social change in the United States. The social changes during this period are reflected in the laws and regulations that were implemented. One of the most prominent examples of this was prohibition. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, or the Volsted act as it is also know, was implemented to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the advocates of prohibition hoped to also eradicate the social problems associated with alcohol. â€Å"It wasRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920 Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rise and Fall of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s The second Ku Klux Klan lasted between 1915 to 1944 but predominantly rose and fell during the 1920s. The Ku Klux Klan was a white supremacist group with millions of members who brutally tortured and killed anyone who was not a white American. The Ku Klux Klan were known for their white robes, cone hats, and covered faces that disguised their identities. The second Ku Klux Klan’s most important part of it’s history was it’s dramatic rise and fallRead MoreThe Negative Impact of American Prohibition1632 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 16th 1920, the 18th amendment officially was put into play. â€Å"The 18th amendment made the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages restricted or illegal, this was also called the Prohibition era.† (Scott, Robert.) Many people called this time â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† and the â€Å"Jazz Age†, new music appeared, along with new dances and a new and exciting era for women. A lso, a general relaxation of standards after the stressful years of WWII. (Prohibition.) ProhibitionRead MoreCulture during the 20s-40s: Great Gatsby1365 Words   |  6 Pagesand particular events during these decades influenced many rebellious outbreaks going against societal norms. The â€Å"Roaring 20s† (1920-30), had a major impact on adolescent behavior in America, starting in New Orleans, moving into Chicago and later, New York City. Throughout the 1930s-1940s a new adolescent culture emerged, influenced by early upheavals during the 1920s. The twenties were years of prodigious changes and prosperity in many areas of society; for example, revolutionary changes in musicRead MoreAmeric The Rise Of Organized Crime873 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Wilson Writing Composition 2 3/21/16 America: The Rise of Organized Crime The United States of America is no stranger to corruption and extortion. Gang violence, the mafia, murder for pay and the marijuana industry in un-legalized states are a few examples of organized crime that happen in current day America. There are many different forms and types of organized crime today but where did they arise from? The rise and growth of organized crime in America can be attributed to government interventionRead MoreEvaluating the Success of the Enforcement of Prohibition in the United States1456 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Enforcement of Prohibition in the United States Prohibition was the banning of alcohol in the U.S.A. It was the 18th amendment and was known as the national prohibition act. It was also given the name the Volstead act because it was put into practice by Andrew.J.Volstead. Prohibition had its ups and downs. It was successful in many ways but was also a failure according to other matters. One of the reasons due to which prohibition failed was because ofRead MoreClassism And Prohibition In The Great Gatsby1569 Words   |  7 PagesA World Divided: A Look at Classism and Prohibition in The Great Gatsby Abraham Lincoln famously said: A house divided against itself cannot stand; in today’s world full of conflicts, protests, and wars, this is an idiom that holds immense truth. It has been so for as long as there have been people with opinions, and 1920’s America was an era full of opinions. The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a classic tale of the Jazz Age told from the perspective of Nick Carraway, a newcomerRead MoreThe Great Depression1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920’s was a decade of discovery for America. As mentioned in â€Å"who was roaring in the twenties? —Origins of the great depression,† by Robert S. McElvaine America suffered with the great depression due to several factors but it managed to stay prosperous at the end. In â€Å"America society and culture in the 1920’s,† by David A. Shannon there was much more to the great depression. It was a time of prosperity an economic change. Women and men were dis covering who they were and their value to societyRead MoreGangster Films In The 1920s1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe dawn of Prohibition engendered the societal normalities of the United States to be completely turned upside down. What had been a source of a good time for so many was declared illegal and now millions of Americans were forced to seek alternative means of obtaining their alcohol, no matter how unscrupulous the source. Enter the gangster, a larger than life, pinstripe wearing, gun wielding renegade. It was this romanticized idea that would come to serve as an embodiment of society turning to the

A Research Study On Cancer Essay - 1425 Words

Cancer remains a leading cause of death in the United States, with 590,000 adults and 2,000 children and adolescents succumbing to this disease in 2015 (NCI, 2016d). The lesser known statistic is that survivorship has more than doubled in 22 years and survivors are expected to comprise more than 5% of the U.S. population by 2024 (NCI, 2016d). Cancer incidence remains relatively unchanged; a contributing cause for increased survivorship is effective therapy (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004; Simon, 2016). With advances in therapy, multiple therapeutic regimens have been developed for many malignancies. For example, non-small cell lung cancer has over 18 first-line chemotherapeutic regimens listed as a national standard of care (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2016). When considering multiple therapeutic regimens, a key deciding factor becomes a patient’s medical fitness for therapy contrasted to a regimen’s toxicity profile. Currently, a gap exists in that toxicity profile: patient reported outcomes. Addressing this gap impacts therapeutic decisions through two pathways: therapeutic dose adjustments (driven by adverse events) as well as empowering patients to understand what to expect during therapy by publicly providing patient-reported outcomes. Background and Significance Adverse events are defined by FDA as untoward medical occurrences regardless of causality to a drug. Adverse events define the drug’s toxicity profile, which serves as aShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Cancer Essay1882 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Cancer Background Cancer is a disease that is characterized by rapid, unrestricted proliferation (cellular reproduction) of abnormal cells in an organism. Although there is not a single cause for cancer, there are several environmental and genetic factors that have been associated with the development of cancer. These factors include exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco, ultraviolet light, radiation, and various toxins; inheritance of damaged genes that promote tumorigenesis (theRead MoreA Research Study On Breast Cancer1308 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Breast Cancer is on the fore-front of modern tumor research and scientists are continually seeking for new ways to treat and prevent cancer progression. Current treatments by hormone-dependent drugs like Tamoxifen and Raloxifene focus on estrogen receptor inhibition in mammary and endometrial cell lines. This group of drugs are known as selective-estrogen receptor modulators or SERMS, which are effective in estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) and hormone-estrogen receptor 2 positiveRead MoreA Research Study On Breast Cancer981 Words   |  4 PagesIn this case study we have Sarah a forty-two-year-old woman who has breast cancer which has metastasized to her lungs. Despite having had multiple tumors removed the cancer has returned. Sarah’s oncologist, Greg, recommends that she take part in a double blind experimental drug trial in an effort to slow the occurrence of more tumors. Greg explains that the risks of the drug are not entirely known; the drug won’t cure her c ancer but may slow its progression, it may leave her extremely fatiguedRead MoreA Research Study On Breast Cancer2138 Words   |  9 PagesBreast Cancer accounts for more than 20 percent of cancer in women, and is the primary cause of cancer death among women globally.1 Despite extensive scientific research on the disease, the outlook on a cure arguably remains poor. While some breast cancer survivors and women at high risk remain hopeful that soy intake will reduce the risk or even cure cancer, the recommendations are conflicting. For decades, the relationship between soy foods, supplements, phytoestrogen intake and cancer has promptedRead MoreA Research Study On Breast Cancer1702 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of high mortality and morbidity in women population worldwide. Up to date, no effective breast cancer treatment has been developed and this has motivated academic scientists for the quest for alternative drugs and the discovery of drug targets. Increasing evidence suggests that carotenoids, which are micronutrients in fruit and vegetables, reduce breast cancer risk [1]. Previous findings suggest a protective role of ÃŽ ±-carotene, ÃŽ ²-carotene,Read MoreA Research Study On Prostate Cancer1602 Words   |  7 Pagescobalt thiocyanate. Introduction Cancer is one of the most common forms of disease worldwide; approximately 25 percent of deaths within the United States are related to cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers within men, while breast cancer is commonly diagnosed within women. The most common cancers observed in both men and women include pancreatic, and lung and bronchus cancers.1 Once a person has been diagnosed with cancer, the person may be advised to generallyRead MoreResearch Study on Pediatric Cancer Funding1540 Words   |  6 PagesPediatric cancer funding X Cancer Specialty Center P.O. Drawer C Ft Monroe, VA 24064 March 6, 2013 Mr. Smith Mark, COO X Cancer Specialty Center P.O. Drawer C Ft Monroe, VA 24064 Dear Mr. Smith: With this is a copy of my justification report on the subject of funding and support of research in pediatric cancer and assisting poor parents of children suffering from cancer. This statement is a review of my findings from the most recent year of working in X Cancer Specialty Center, and a separateRead MoreA Research Study On Pediatric Cancer1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosed with cancer each year. Of those 1,960 will die of the disease in the United States. Nobody should have to go through this in their life time, let alone an infant or child. Kids are suffering each and every second of their lives trying to fight the unbearable, frightening, terrible disease. For many, many years, doctors, researchers and nurses have been working to find cures for pediatric cancers. Progress has been made in treating some cancers but there are still many pediatric cancers, whichRead MoreA Research Study On Cancer Telephone Helplines2440 Words   |  10 PagesCancer telephone helplines have been in existence for nearly four decades and continue to gradually grow in popularity. Trained specialists are available 24 hours a day to answer any questions, provide information, and offer callers emotional support in order to help them cope with what they may be experiencing. These helplines are not only for cancer patients, but also for their caregivers, friends, family, or anyone with a general interest in learning about or discussing cancer with a specialistRead MoreA Research Study On Cancer Registry History1338 Words   |  6 PagesCancer Registry History A cancer registry is an information system that collects, maintains, storages, and analyses data on people with cancer. Cancer data is important to healthcare world. Physicians, researchers, legislators, medical students, epidemiologists, and public health planners rely on this data. Researchers need it to study possible causes of cancer and doctors need it to decide the best course of treatment for their patient. The major purposes are: †¢ to establish and maintain a cancer

Information Technology Ethics Australian Computer Society

Question: Describe about the Information Technology Ethics of Australian Computer Society? Answer: Introduction: The ACS or the Australian Computer Society is an organization for ICT technology. Its objective is to make advancement of professional excellence in IT. Hence it will promote the development of Australian ITC resources. Australian Computer society was situated on 1st January 1966 from five state based societies. ACS is integrated part of Australian Capital Territory on since 3rd October, 1967. ACS does its operation on various aspects, such as, professional development, special interest group and annual conferences. Members of this organization are required to follow a code of professional conduct and code of ethics. Stakeholders: ACS gives a various range of policies in order to improve skills on ITC, training and education quality and ability in Australia. Major ideals: Major Ideal of ACS is Brenda Aynsley OAM, who is current president and Kim Finch, who is the chief executive officer. ACS code of ethics: As a required individuality of a profession is the need of its members follow up to the code of conducts. In case of ACS, code of ethics is established to be a part of rules and regulation of the society. This rules and regulations are applied on the members of the ACS, who are working in the field of ICT technology. The Code of Professional Practice is formed to serve a bunch of guidelines for suitable principles of practice within an ICT organization. Supported by an advisory materials for specific areas like, software engineering, project management, network management and environmental consequences due to the use of ITC, it have some significance to professional standard legislation. If a person or an organizational issues is unable to observe the code of conduct, can lead to disciplinary action taken by ACS. There are six main ethical values associated expectation to maintain professional conduct (Reynolds, 2003). The increased quality of life: The primacy of the public interest Honesty Professional development Competence Professionalism People who get benefit: Members of ACS have equal access of benefits to have professional development and structured learning. In the field of global economy, ACS keeps realizing its members about their professional ambition (Soraj Hongladarom Ess, 2007). Stakeholders: ACS gives a various range of policies in order to improve skills on ITC, training and education quality and ability in Australia. Hence it can promote the professional and responsible use of ICT due to its efficiency which affects every aspect of daily life. 3 ethical theories of ACS: There are 6 ethical theories regulates within the ACS. All these are abided by the members of the ACS. Three among of them are- Honesty: A member should be honest while he/she is representing his/her skill, services, knowledge and products Professional development: An employer within ACS should enhance his/her profession capability and also encourage his/her employees to enhance their capability in order to have a good working environment (Tavani, 2003). Competence: An employer or the top most members should work with proficiency and with a delightful mind for the stakeholders. Summary: ACS have the mindset to focus on the usage of excellent skills for better results in the font of discussion and also welcomes the initiative to make betterment of the Job readiness quality of a student and facilitate the transition from the education background to work place with the help of work incorporated learning programs and cadetships (Tyrrell, 2002). ACS gives its strong support to the recognition in the discussion font to describe the role of technology to drive the productivity and innovation. This rules and regulations are applied on the members of the ACS, who are working in the field of ICT technology. The Code of Professional Practice is formed to serve a bunch of guidelines for suitable principles of practice within an ICT organization. Opinion: When the performance and workability of a system come out with its effective results, it become the boon for everyone in the organization but when it is not in the state to deliver quality product, it delivers a worst scenario due its life and death consequences of system failure, for example, a medical record system. This kind of system are not safe when they accidentally there is issues in the underlying system design and implementation. Keeping these scenarios in mind ACS provides the proper maintenance of responsibilities of a person within the organization with grater professionalism in the ICT sector. To minimize the system risk and sudden failure ACS provides a watchful environment to certify the designing, operating and maintaining phase with minimized risk. ACS gives its strong support to the recognition in the discussion font to describe the role of technology to drive the productivity and innovation (Wahlgren, 2010). Recent Ethical Dilemma (At my work place): Recently I have experienced an attack of social engineering. With this kind of attack I have to face the browser crash, machine slowing and so on. Due to this social engineering attack I have came across the spam messages in my account. The time when I open the spam mail, it was asking for my bank account details to transfer a lump of money, as I have won it in a lottery. The moment I clicked the link, it was ok. I visit the page but did not give my personal information to them. After some time my system started lagging. Browsers were crashed also. In later period of time, I had to give extra protection by allowing my firewall to prompt me, whenever I visit an illegal site. I also had to do proper scanning and deleted all the cookies and browsing history. In this scenario, the mail was containing malicious software which took my personal data from my browsing history. The malware also have slow down my computer with the associated function (block of codes) within malware. Doing Ethics Technique: DET is mainly focused on secure usage of internet and technological advancement: An Internet user should not click on the link, when the source of the link is unknown. An Internet user should not accept files, when sender is unknown. When a device with lot of personal information found lost the user must change his/her personal information. A user should be responsible of his/her personal devices and belongings so that the chance of data loss can be reduced. Proper data hiding technique (password enabling, encryption) should be chosen while communicating using a wireless communication technology in order to make outer world unknown about someones personal data. Internet user should enable virus detection software (antivirus) and firewall in his/her personal device. Conclusion: ACS have the mindset to focus on the usage of excellent skills for better results in the font of discussion and also welcomes the initiative to make betterment of the Job readiness quality of a student and facilitate the transition from the education background to work place with the help of work incorporated learning programs and cadetships. ACS gives its strong support to the recognition in the discussion font to describe the role of technology to drive the productivity and innovation. References INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. (2010). Communication Booknotes Quarterly, 41(1), pp.46-48. Reynolds, G. (2003). Ethics in information technology. Boston, Mass.: Course Technology. Soraj Hongladarom, and Ess, C. (2007). Information technology ethics. Hershey: Idea Group Reference. Tavani, H. (2003). Recent books on or related to ICT ethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 5(3), pp.177-180. Tyrrell, S. (2002). Using information and communication technology in healthcare. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Medical. Wahlgren, P. (2010). Information communication technology. Stockholm: Stockholm Institute for Scandinavian Law.

Credit Risk in Liability Measurement †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Credit Risk in Liability Measurement. Answer: Introduction The term liabilities are mostly comprehensive in that it makes no trial in distinguishing between commitments and liabilities and instead include all obligations from an organization contracts. They are usually viewed as the present obligation in a given firm that might ascend from its historical events, whose settlement is predictable or anticipated to bring about some expenditure from the firm of capitals symbolizing its economic benefits. They represent bargained prices or standard of the recorded costs applying on both side of statement of the financial position in an organization (Upton Jr, 2009). The amount of liabilities ought to represent present value of future cash outflows to which an organization would not be committed in case debentures were not issued at all. Further, liabilities usually result from the previous transactions or other previous occurrences. In this sense, description of the liabilities does not restrict the liabilities to conditions where there are some l egal obligations (Hodder, Hopkins Schipper, 2014). This means that liabilities are to be recognized in specific situation where equity dictates that an obligation to the external parties presently exists. With these considerations, this paper aims to presents the broader understanding of liabilities, how these liabilities are measured as well as some of the issues of measurement of liabilities based on the IASB framework. In addition, the paper also presents relationship that exists between measurement of the liabilities and decision useful information based on JB Hi-Fi annual report. Liabilities are usually viewed as the present obligation in a firm that might come from its previous proceedings, whose settlement is anticipated to bring about some drainage from a form of capitals symbolizing its economic benefits (Costa Guzzo, 2013). As per AISB 44, p.26 liabilities are the present obligations of an organization arising from the previous dealings, settlement of which are anticipated in resulting in outflow from an organization of the capitals symbolizing the economic welfares. As per this for liabilities, there should be anticipated future disposition of the economic welfares to the other firms, there should also be present obligations as well as the past transactions should have created some obligations. Further, definition of the liabilities does not limit liabilities to conditions where there is some legal obligations. They should be recognized in specific conditions where usual business undertaking or equity dictates that all the obligations are to be external parties. Therefore, as per AISB paragraph 4.15, subsection 28, liabilities could include obligations which are legally enforceable and obligations which are deemed as constructive and equitable. Obligations or liabilities arise from the normal business operations, desire and customer in maintaining decent operations or act in reasonable way. For instance, an organization might decide to correct errors in goods whenever these are deceptive once guarantee period expires, these sums are usually anticipated to have expended whenever products sold are liabilities. Liabilities usually result from the previous transactions or other previous occurrences (Deegan, 2016). For instance, acquisition of products and use of services provid e trade payables unless the amount is paid on delivery and receipt of the financial institution loans result in obligation to repay loans. In this sense, description of the liabilities does not restrict the liabilities to conditions where there are some legal obligations (Hodder, Hopkins Schipper, 2014). This means that liabilities are to be recognized in specific situation where equity dictates that an obligation to the external parties presently exists. Prior to issue of the AASB 13, measurement of the liabilities was mainly based on amount needed to settle present obligations. Therefore, as per AASB 13, definition of the fair value is viewed as amount repaid in transferring liabilities. In this case, measuring liabilities at fair value make assumptions that liabilities are transferred into other market paricipants at measurement date. In essence, transfer of the liabilities under AASB 13, 34 (a) assumes that liabilities remain outstanding and market transferee would be needed to fulfill all these obligations. In this case, liabilities are said to remain in existence with market participant assuming liabilities are transferred at the measurement date. In essence, liabilities are measured in numerous means based on the class of liabilities which has some direct implications for the profit reported. For instance, liabilities could be measured at fair value, present value or on amortized cost passed on type of liabilities being considered (Deegan, 2016). Liabilities are usually measured at the amortized cost unless these liabilities are needed to be measured at the fair value where an organization has chosen measuring liabilities at the fair value vial profit or loss (Henderson, Peirson, Herbohn Howieson, 2015). For instance, liabilities for salaries and wages for JB Hi-Fi are recognized in provision for the employees benefits and measured at present value. These are usually measured as the present values of the anticipated or projected future payments that have to be completed in respects of the services offered by personnel to end of reporting period. On other cases, liabilities are measured at fair value whereby it is assumed that liabilities are usually transferred to the market participant at measurement period and that nonperformance risk in relation to liabilities are assumed as being similar after and before the transfer. Thus, reporting organization should consider impacts of credit risk on fair value of liabilities in all times in which liabilities is mostly measured at the fair value. This impact might vary reliant on liabilities, for instance, whether liabilities is the obligation in delivering cash or obligation in delivering nonfinancial liabilities and terms of the credit enhancement in relation to liabilities. For instance, JB Hi-Fi liabilities are approved under AASB 13 at fair value measurements. Furthermore, liabilities are usually measured based on the original transaction value which is the historical costs (Costa Guzzo, 2013). This is the current cash equivalent or cash that is received in exchange for assuming liabilities. For instance, if JB Hi-Fi borrowed $ 2 million cash promised to repay this cash in future, liabilities for the company would be valued at around $2 million, cash received in exchange. In addition, JB Hi-Fi account payables are usually measured at contract-price whereby the amount agreed to be paid for the trade payable is paid in actual amount stated on the initial agreement (JB Hi-Fi, 2014). A crucial feature of liabilities is that an organization has present obligations. These obligations are the duties or responsibilities to perform or act in particular manner. They might be legally enforceable as consequences of statutory requirements or binding contract. The present AISB framework requires estimated of liabilities, resulting from the past occurrence and that are more likely to result in the outflow of the economic resources being treated as the liabilities (AASB, 2004). In essence, according to AISB framework, provisions for overhaul, as well as maintenance would not be taken into account as liabilities of the reporting organization due to absence of obligation to the external organization. There are few disagreements or issues on how liabilities are measured. For instance, liabilities represent bargained prices. Thus, standard of the recorded costs is usually applied on both sections of statement of the financial position. Furthermore, it is argued that amount of liabilities represent present value of future cash payments in which an organization could not be committed in case debentures are not issued (Deegan, 2016). This means that interest rate is presented as current market rate of the interest for the securities of same type. Further, there are some issues in measuring liabilities in that by measuring liabilities is usually to determine burden or weight of obligations on the statement of financial position which is deemed lowest for which obligation should be efficiently discharged. This means that liabilities are measured in a manner that is relatively attuned with measurement of the assets. Components of the AASB frameworks which have been issued give no signal of how the liabilities are to be measured. Some of the most likely techniques provided are current cost, market value and historical costs. Nonetheless, choice of measurement for liabilities has to be determined in reference to objectives or goals of the general purpose financial reporting as well as qualitative features of the financial data. Another issue in measuring liabilities is that it faces an objection to current cash equivalent technique in measuring liabilities since it is said to assume behaviors which are unlikely to take place (Deegan, 2016). In this case, the technique tends to assume that the total liabilities would be settled at end of financial reporting period whenever they are more likely to be permitted to run into maturity. In addition, measurement of liabilities covered by IASB framework particularly contingent liabilities has been quite difficult due to lack of transparency regarding nature of these contingencies and diversity in the application of accounting guideline in relation to measuring and recognizing these liabilities (Pieri, 2010). Further, measuring liabilities at fair value reflects price that would come in reasonably efficient market and provided that the prior empirical study finds support for the market efficiency being the impediment of financial distress, there is an argument that measurement of liabilities at fair value has evolved without any coherent theoretical basis, hence; there is some issues on how standard setters of IASB framework manages to operationalize these complexity of fair value measurement reflecting the efficient price. This means that measurement of liabilities at fair value lack any unified theory as it only employ some complex assumptions. Measurement of liabili ties at fair value also have some issues in that when credit risks in the liability measurement increases, the reported value of the liabilities is said to decrease, with variation in the value reported as the income statement profit. These gains or profit are said to be counterintuitive making the area of measurement of liabilities at fair value a questionable measurement approach (Costa Guzzo, 2013). Another issue in measuring liabilities is showing the impact of the own credit risks for the liabilities recognized at the fair value; that is, variation in the value as a result of variation in liabilities credit risks. This could result in some gains being recognized in the income whenever liabilities has had credit downgrade or losses being recognized when credit risk improves. This issue is problematic in case IASB had adopted a technique same to measurement and classification of the assets, where the hybrid instruments are accounted for at the fair value (Teixeira, 2014). Liabilities treatment and categorization results in any payment of instruments being treated as interests or being charged to the earnings. This might affect an organizations capacity in repaying its dividends on shares. Liabilities are recognized in the annual report whenever it is possible that drainage of the capitals symbolizing the economic welfares would arise from the payment of the current obligations and sum at which payment would take place could be measured dependably. In determining whether liabilities are in existence, actions or intentions of the management has to be taken into consideration (Beke, 2013). This implies representation or actions of an organization governing body or management, or variation in economic environment, that might directly influence actions or reasonable expectations of those outside organization, and even if they do not have any legal entitlement, they could have some other sanctions which could leave an organization with unrealistic alternati ves in making particular future sacrifice of some economic benefits. These obligations are at times referred to as the constructive or equitable obligations. In determining whether constructive or equitable obligations really exists, and thus whether liability has to be recognized in balance sheet of an organization, it is relatively tricky than identifying the legal obligations and at many instances judgment is needed in determining if constructive or equitable obligation exists (Deegan, 2016). The most important considerations is mainly on whether an organization has realistic alternatives in making any future sacrifice of the economic benefits. Liabilities are also categorized into non-current and current liabilities. The non-current liabilities comprises of those liabilities that an organization anticipate to settle after a short period from reporting date whilst current liabilities are those liabilities an organization anticipate to repay before one year ends from reporting date (Barker McGeachin, 2011). In the annual report, those liabilities categorized as non-current liabilities includes debenture and long-term debt or loans while current liabilities include bank overdraft, tax payable, trade payables as well as short-term loans. This is mainly based on liquidity expected timing of future sacrifice, level of the security of the guarantee, conditions attached to liabilities as well as source of the liabilities. Basically, in JB Hi-Fi annual report 2016, liabilities are categorized into current liabilities and non-current liabilities. In this case, current liabilities are trade and the other payables, provisions, the current tax liabilities, deferred revenue as well as other current liabilities totaling to around $1,257.2 million (JB Hi-Fi, 2014). On the other hand, non-current liabilities for JB Hi-Fi comprised of borrowings, provisions, deferred revenue as well as other non-current liabilities totaling to $555.3 million. A decision by an organizations management in acquitting assets does not give rise to the present liabilities. Instead a liability is said to arise whenever assets are delivered or an organization enter into some irrevocable agreement in acquiring assets. Therefore, liabilities could also be measured by utilizing significant degree of the approximation which is useful in decision making process (Australian Accounting Research Foundation, 1998). Further, liabilities are usually documented at sum of the profits acknowledged in exchange of obligations or at sum of the cash equivalents or cash estimated to be repaid in order to gratify liabilities in normal operations of an organization this significant in decision making information since it assist in ascertaining whether an organization in having significant amount of liabilities or not. They are also carried at undiscounted amount of cash equivalent which would be needed in settling obligations (Deegan, 2016). Basically, liabilities ar e usually logged at present discount value of the net cash outflows which is expected to be needed in settling liabilities in normal operations of the business this is significant when it comes to decision making information. This is because by measuring liabilities at present discount value the company would be getting relevant information that is crucial for decision making process. The nonperformance risks are those risks where an obligation or a liability would not be fulfilled and impacts value at which liabilities are transferred. Thus, fair value of liabilities is crucial since it indicate nonperformance risk in relation to liabilities which is crucial during decision-making process in an organization (Deegan, 2016). Furthermore, measurement of liabilities at the fair value via profit or loss is closely related in decision making information since specific liabilities are usually needed to be at the fair value via the profit or loss like liabilities held for derivatives and trading whilst others are usually measured at the amortized cost unless these liabilities has some embedded derivative or an organization elects fair value option. According to Upton (2009), liabilities are said to remain in existence and are dealt with by market participants making assumption of the liabilities transferred at the measurement period. Further, for some liabilities, it is found that observable market might exist and the quoted price might be used in measuring fair value of liabilities. Nonetheless, in case such case is not available, the assessment methods have to be utilized. The main goal of using fair value measurement for liabilities when applying valuation methods is to appraise price which would be repaid in transferring liabilities in between the market players at measurement period under the current market situations. Therefore, in all scenarios, an organization has to maximize utilization of the most significant observable inputs as well as minimize utilization of the unobservable inputs. In other cases, measuring of liabilities is help as the assets by other firms which is useful in decision making of an organization. F or instance, loans are recognized by JB Hi-Fi as debts, where the measurement of these loans is mostly at fair value and is computed from perspective of the market player which holds identical items as the asset at the measurement date (JB Hi-Fi, 2014). These are also crucial for decision making since they help in evaluating the liquidity level of JB Hi-Fi where the total value of its liabilities or debts is related with its total assets in order to obtain total debt to assets ratios which is used in evaluating long-term solvency level of the company. In addition, measurement of liabilities is related to decision making information since it provide useful information on how an organization use to repay its liabilities which is crucial in decision making. Conclusion In conclusion, liabilities are usually viewed as the present obligation in a firm that might come from its previous proceedings, whose payment is anticipated or anticipated to bring about some drainage from a firm of capitals symbolizing its economic benefits. They represent bargained prices or standard of the recorded costs applying on both side of statement of the financial position in an organization. This means that liabilities are to be recognized in specific situation where equity dictates that an obligation to the external parties presently exists. Further, it can be concluded that there are numerous disagreements on how liabilities are measured. This is based on the fact liabilities could be measured at fair value, present value or on amortized cost passed on type of liabilities being considered. For instance, in our case, liabilities on salaries and wages payables for JB Hi-Fi are recognized in provision for the employees benefits and measured at fair value. There are few di sagreements or issues on how liabilities are measured. For instance, liabilities represent bargained prices. Thus, standard of the recorded costs is usually applied on both sections of statement of the financial position. Furthermore, it is can be concluded that amount of liabilities represent present value of future cash payments in which an organization could not be committed in case debentures are not issued. Further, there are some issues in measuring liabilities in that by measuring liabilities is usually to determine burden or weight of obligations on the statement of financial position which is deemed lowest for which obligation should be efficiently discharged. This means that liabilities are measured in a manner that is relatively attuned with measurement of the assets. Another issue in measuring liabilities is that it faces an objection to current cash equivalent technique in measuring liabilities since it is said to assume behaviors which are unlikely to take place. References AASB, F. (2004). Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. AASB (AASB). Australian Accounting Research Foundation (AARF), (1998). Measurement in Financial Accounting, Accounting Theory Monograph, AARF, Melbourne, p. 36. Barker, R., McGeachin, A. (2011). The recognition and measurement of liabilities in IFRS. Beke, J. (2013). International Accounting Standardization. Chartridge Books Oxford. Clor-Proell, S., Koonce, L., White, B. (2015). How do financial statement users evaluate hybrid financial instruments?. Costa, M., Guzzo, G. (2013). Fair value accounting versus historical cost accounting: A theoretical framework for judgement in financial crisis. Corporate Ownership Control, 11(1), 146-152. Deegan, C., (2016). Australian Financial Accounting, 8th edition, North Ryde : McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 9781743764022 (pbk) Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015). Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hodder, L., Hopkins, P., Schipper, K. (2014). Fair value measurement in financial reporting. Foundations and Trends in Accounting, 8(3-4), 143-270. JB Hi-Fi. (2014). JB Hi-Fi annual report 2014; Retrieved at 8th May 2017 from; https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/J/ASX_JBH_2014.pdf Pieri, V. (2010). The relevance and the dynamics of goodwill values under IAS/IFRS: empirical evidences from the 2005-2009 consolidated financial statements of the major companies listed in Italy. Teixeira, A. (2014). The International Accounting Standards Board and evidence-informed standard-setting. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), 5-12. Upton Jr, W. S. (2009). Credit risk in liability measurement. Staff paper accompanying Discussion Paper DP, 2.